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Rocks Oh, yeah. You rock.

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Presentation on theme: "Rocks Oh, yeah. You rock."— Presentation transcript:

1 Rocks Oh, yeah. You rock

2 Sedimentary Rocks Silt Happens

3 Sedimentary Rocks Bedrock Sedimentary rocks

4 Sedimentary Rocks Bedrock is solid rock under soil and sediments
Sedimentary rocks are rocks made of sediments

5 Sediments are carried downhill with flowing water
Sedimentary Rocks Bedrock is solid rock under soil and sediments Sedimentary rocks are rocks made of sediments Sediments are carried downhill with flowing water

6 Sedimentary Rocks There are three types of sedimentary rock:

7 Sedimentary Rocks There are three types of sedimentary rock: clastic, organic, and chemical

8 Sedimentary Rocks Clastic sediments (clasts) are rock fragments
From small to large:

9 Sedimentary Rocks Clastic sediments (clasts) are rock fragments
From small to large: clay, silt, sand, pebbles

10 The larger the clast, the faster the water needs to be to move them.
Sedimentary Rocks Clastic sediments (clasts) are rock fragments From small to large: clay, silt, sand, pebbles The larger the clast, the faster the water needs to be to move them.

11 Sedimentary Rocks Clastic sediments (clasts) are rock fragments
From small to large: clay, silt, sand, pebbles Mudstone Conglomerate Siltstone Sandstone

12 Sedimentary Rocks Precipitation—solid chemicals come out of the water they were dissolved in. Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed by precipitation

13 Sedimentary Rocks Precipitation Chemical sedimentary rocks

14 Sedimentary Rocks Precipitation—solid chemicals come out of the water they were dissolved in. Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed by precipitation Rock salt (NaCl), limestone (calcite, CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4), dolomite (like limestone, but with Mg) Including:

15 Sedimentary Rocks Organic sedimentary rocks are made from living things Ex:

16 Sedimentary Rocks Organic sedimentary rocks are made from living things Ex: Coal, peatlignitebituminous anthracite Some limestone is organic

17 Sedimentary Rocks Rocks you find now indicate conditions in the past.
Limestone— Sandstone— Coal— Conglomerates— Shale— Rock salt—

18 Sedimentary Rocks Rocks you find now indicate conditions in the past.
Limestone—oceans Sandstone—beaches (or deserts) Coal—swamps Conglomerates—base of mountains Shale—mouth of rivers Rock salt—dried up sea

19 Sedimentary Rocks The Earth’s climate has changed
Sandstone shows dunes (or beaches) Limestone shows warm shallow ocean. Coal forms with warm climates --and is found in Antarctica!

20 Sediment to Rock Sediments can be formed by weathering
Sediments are moved by erosion; by water, wind or gravity Sediments deposit where they are dropped Sediments are compacted by sediments on top of them Rock is cemented together (by minerals)

21 Classifying Sedimentary Rocks
Look for type and size of sediments that formed it. (Clues: Color and texture)

22 If you can’t take the heat, stay out of the kitchen. H. S Truman
Igneous Rocks If you can’t take the heat, stay out of the kitchen. H. S Truman

23 Mantle and outer core are melted
Igneous Rocks Formed from cooled magma (melted rock) Inner core Outer core Mantle and outer core are melted Mantle Crust

24 Igneous Rocks Parts of the crust can be melted

25 The most common type of igneous rock—basalt!
Igneous Rocks (Notice the ocean floor?) The most common type of igneous rock—basalt!

26 Igneous Rocks Magma on the surface is called lava

27 Igneous Rocks We will study the motion of these lithospheric plates in the next unit

28 Igneous Rocks (Notice the difference in the crust?)

29 Igneous Rocks The slower it cools, the larger the crystals grow
Intrusive— cools inside the crust Extrusive— cools outside the crust

30 Igneous Rocks The slower it cools, the larger the crystals grow
Intrusive— cools inside the crust --cools slowly Extrusive— cools outside the crust --cools fast

31 Igneous Rocks The slower it cools, the larger the crystals grow
Intrusive— cools inside the crust --cools slowly —large crystals Extrusive— cools outside the crust --cools fast —small crystals

32 Igneous Rocks The slower it cools, the larger the crystals grow
Intrusive— cools inside the crust --cools slowly —large crystals--rough Extrusive— cools outside the crust --cools fast —small crystals--smoother

33 Igneous Rocks Q: What about a rock that cools slowly for a while, then gets exposed so it cools quickly at the end?

34 Igneous Rocks Q: What about a rock that cools slowly for a while, then gets exposed so it cools quickly at the end? A: You get large crystals in a fine gray background

35 Igneous Rocks Vary in color due to the differences in the mineral content of the magma Light Minerals Dark Minerals Quartz Amphibole Potassium Feldspar Biotite mica Muscovite mica Pyroxene Olivine

36 Igneous Rocks Vary in color due to the differences in the mineral content of the magma Light Minerals Dark Minerals Quartz Amphibole Potassium Feldspar Biotite mica Muscovite mica Pyroxene Olivine Dark rocks have more of the dark minerals!

37 Igneous Rocks Magma varies depending on where it’s found
Ocean Floor Continental darker color lighter color denser lighter (less dense) thinner fluid thicker fluid less gas bubbles more gas bubbles

38 More gas bubbles makes a more violent volcanic eruption!
Igneous Rocks Magma varies depending on where it’s found Ocean Floor Continental darker color lighter color denser lighter (less dense) thinner fluid thicker fluid less gas bubbles more gas bubbles More gas bubbles makes a more violent volcanic eruption!

39 Igneous Rocks Classified by color and texture See Table on pU20

40 Igneous Rocks Classified by color and texture See Table on pU20

41 Continental Igneous Rocks
Types: (By color and texture) Light and Coarse—pegmatite (and granite) Light and Medium—Granite Light and Fine—rhyolite

42 Intermediate Igneous Rocks
Types: (By color and texture) Medium and Coarse—pegmatite (and diorite) Medium and Medium—Diorite Medium and Fine—Andesite (and basalt)

43 Oceanic Igneous Rocks Types: (By color and texture)
Dark and Coarse—pegmatite (and gabbro) Dark and Medium—Gabbro Dark and Fine—Basalt

44 Igneous Rocks Types: Special: Glassy—obsidian Light and Frothy—Pumice
Dark and Frothy—Scoria Very Dark—peridotite

45 Igneous Rocks Continental—tossed into the air to cool by expanding gasses Types: Special: Glassy—obsidian Light and Frothy—Pumice Dark and Frothy—Scoria Very Dark—peridotite Continental—gas is trapped in the rock Oceanic

46 Elevated Landforms Igneous rocks are tough! Castle Rock, CO
Shiprock NM Mt. Cotopaxi Ecuador Pikes Peak CO Igneous rocks are tough!

47 Metamorphic Rock Schist Happens

48 Metamorphic Rock Any type of rock can be converted into metamorphic rock with enough heat and pressure Igneous Sedimentary Heat and pressure Heat and pressure Metamorphic Heat and pressure

49 Metamorphic Rock (Too much heat melts the rock) Sedimentary Igneous
Melting and cooling Sedimentary Igneous Melting and cooling Melting and cooling Metamorphic

50 Metamorphic Rock The heat and pressure can:
Change the mineral crystals or Change the minerals themselves

51 Metamorphism = change of form
Metamorphic Rock The heat and pressure can: Change the mineral crystals or Change the minerals themselves Metamorphism = change of form

52 Metamorphic Rock Regional metamorphism– Contact metamorphism—

53 Metamorphic Rock Regional metamorphism– large parts of crust get buried or pushed deep into the Earth, then heated Contact metamorphism— new magma heats small areas of old rock

54 Metamorphic Rock When pressure is exerted, minerals transpose (form layers). They may even foliate (split off at these layers Foliation Transposition

55 Metamorphic Rock Protolith—the original rock

56 Metamorphic Rock Protolith—the original rock
Protolith metamorphic rock Heat and pressure

57 Metamorphic Rock Protolith—the original rock
Protolith metamorphic rock Limestone  marble Sandstone  quartzite Shale  slate Ign. & sed. gneiss, schist, or phyllite Basalt amphibolite Heat and pressure

58 Activity 3.5 The Rock Cycle
Play the game (at least 30 steps) Record your steps on the sheet Answer the questions on the back Notes to follow…

59 Igneous rocks are formed when any rock is melted to magma, then cooled
Melting and cooling Igneous Sedimentary Melting and cooling Melting and cooling Metamorphic

60 Sedimentary rocks are formed when any rock is
Compaction and cementation Compaction and cementation weathered Igneous Sedimentary and eroded, then the sediments are deposited, compacted and cemented together Compaction and cementation Metamorphic

61 Metamorphic rocks are formed when any rock is subjected to heat and pressure
Igneous Sedimentary Heat and pressure Heat and pressure Metamorphic Heat and pressure

62 The Rock Cycle Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

63 The Rock Cycle Melting and cooling Compaction and cementation
Heat and pressure Melting and cooling Heat and pressure Compaction and cementation Heat and pressure

64 The Rock Cycle Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Melting and cooling
Compaction and cementation Compaction and cementation Igneous Sedimentary Melting and cooling Heat and pressure Melting and cooling Heat and pressure Compaction and cementation Metamorphic Heat and pressure

65 Rocks

66 Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary

67 Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary

68 Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Intrusive Extrusive

69 Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Intrusive Extrusive

70 Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Intrusive Foliated Extrusive Nonfoliated

71 Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Intrusive Foliated Extrusive Nonfoliated

72 Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Intrusive Foliated Clastic Organic Extrusive Nonfoliated Chemical

73 Examples? Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Intrusive Foliated
Clastic Extrusive Nonfoliated Organic Chemical Examples?

74 How did each form? Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Intrusive
Foliated Clastic Extrusive Nonfoliated Organic Chemical How did each form?

75 What does each look like?
Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Intrusive Foliated Clastic Extrusive Nonfoliated Organic Chemical What does each look like?

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