1. Mexican War for Independence

2. Mexico Today

3. Spanish Colonies Around the World

4. Latin America on the Eve of Revolution

5. I Conditions Before the Revolution
A. Poor Working Conditions
Day laborers, low wages
Slavery
B. Brutal Oppression
C. No Rights
1. loss of land
2. No democracy
D. Creoles & mestizoes paid high taxes

6. Creoles (Criollos)Spanish born Africans & Native Americans, Filipinos
Social Pyramid
Peninsulares
Spanish_born in Spain
Creoles (Criollos)Spanish born
in Latin America
Mulattoes & Mestizoes
Africans & Native Americans, Filipinos

7. Tax Pyramid

8. Father Miguel Hidalgo

9. II. El Grito de Dolores A. On September 16, 1810, Father Miguel
Hidalgo delivered a sermon calling for
1. An end to Spanish Oppression
2. An end to bad Spanish government
3. An end to slavery/poor working
conditions
4. Independence from Spanish Rule
B. Miguel Hidalgo’s marked the beginning of the Mexican War for Independence

10. II. El Grito de Dolores

11. III. The Mexico War for Independence Begins
About 50,000 Mestizos, Mulattos, Native Americans & some Criollos organized themselves into an army
They were armed with machetes, axes, clubs, knives, sticks & stones, etc
They began their march from Dolores to
San Miguel, to Celaya where they took a picture of “The Virgen de Guadalupe” as their symbol

12. Miguel Hidalgo

13. Virgen de Guadalupe

14. Virgen de Guadalupe

15. III. The Mexico War for Independence Begins
D. The March continued to Mexico City,
where they lost
E. Miguel Hidalgo was eventually captured
Jalisco, Mexico
F. Miguel Hidalgo was tried & executed in
Chihuahua
G. His mutilated body was publicly displayed to discourage further rebellion

16. The Legacy of Father Miguel Hidalgo

17. The Execution of Father Miguel Hidalgo

18. The Legacy of Father Miguel Hidalgo

19. Jose Morelos

20. IV. The Revolution Continues

21. IV. The Revolution Continues
A. After Miguel Hidalgo was executed, Jose Morelos continued the fight
B. He captured Oaxaca & Acapulco in 1813
C. He organized groups into the Congress of Chilpancingo
1. Declared from independence from Spain
2. Created a Constitution (Sentiemientos
de la Nacion)

22. Congress of Chilpancingo

23. IV. The Revolution Continues
C. Sentiemientos de la Nacion
1. called for an end to slavery
2. an end to class system
D. Morelos was captured in Cuatla
E. Morelos was executed in San Cristobal
Ecatepec on December 22,1815

24. IV. The Revolution Continues

25. IV. The Revolution Continues
F. Guerilla Warfare
1. Guerilla warfare is setting traps,
fighting in unconventional manner
2. Guadalupe Victoria continued the
revolution in Puebla
3. Vicente Guerrero (Afro-Mexican) continued to fight in Oaxaca along with Isidoro Montes de Oca & Francisco Mongoy (Filipino-Mexican)

26. Mexican Generals in the War for Independence
Vicente Guerrero
Guadalupe Victoria
Augustin de Iturbide

27. V. Mexican Independence
The fighting continued until 1821
On August 24, 1821 Treaty of Cordoba
was signed giving Mexico independence
from Spain

28. V. Mexican Independence

29. Mexican Empire 1822

30. VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence
A Constitution of 1824:
a) prohibited slavery
b) elections
c) Catholicism official religion

31. VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence
B Poor remained poor due
1) corruption
2) exploitation
3) racism
4) poor land options

32. VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence
C The Mexican Empire breaks up into: 1. Guatemala 2. Honduras 3. El Salvador 4. Costa Rica 5. Nicaragua

33. United Provinces of Central America

34. Central America Today

35. VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence
D 1823 Monroe Doctrine
1)European countries are not to “colonize
or interfere in the newly independent
Latin American countries”
2) The US would view European
intervention as hostile & possibly act

36. The Monroe Doctrine

37. VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence
3) 1904 Roosevelt Corollary: US may use Intervention in Latin American politics E. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) “free trade” between the US, Mexico & Canada 2. Hurt Mexican economy 3. Forced peasants from their land & into the cities

38. 1904 Roosevelt Corollary

39. 1904 Roosevelt Corollary

40. Mexico Celebrates 202 years of Independence!

41. Latin American Independence

42. Latin American Independence