1. Mrs. Swope Columbian High School Family and Consumer Science Dept.
Chapter 12-3: Infants
Mrs. Swope
Columbian High School
Family and Consumer Science Dept.

2. Changing from a Newborn to a One Year Old
First12 months infants triple their birth weight
They grow 1 1/2 times their birth length
Reflexes are replaced by controlled movement
Go from eating only liquids to eating solid foods

3. Developmental changes cont.
Go from totally dependent, to crawling, to walking
Begin to learn the language, can understand simple words
Their individuality becomes more apparent

4. Physical Patterns of Development
Babies follow the same general patterns of dev., the time table may differ
Cephalocaudal - dev. proceeds from head to the lower part of the body
Infants first learn to control their necks
3 mo. can turn head vigorously
5 mo. can roll from tummy to back
6 mo. can roll from back to tummy; can sit with some support

5. Physical Development cont.
Proximodistal - development proceeds from the center of the body outward
The brain, spinal column, and organs develop before the arms, legs, fingers, and toes. Baby learns to control his head, neck, and shoulders before he can control his fingers.
Development proceeds from simple to complex.

6. Physical Development cont.
7 mo. Crawls, likes to bounce, can sit alone
8 mo. Can push self up to standing position
9 mo. Able to stand and “cruise” along furniture
10 mo. Walk holding on to parent, may stand alone

9. Physical Dev. cont.
11 mo. Able to squat and stoop, can wave, may take steps alone, likes to climb stairs
12 mo. May use both walking and crawling, hands held high for balance
Average age for walking alone mo.

10. Physical Development: Small Muscles
Small muscles: eyes, hands, fingers, feet, and toes.
Newborns like to explore with their eyes ( use of a mobile)
2-3 mo. Fascinated by mirrors, own reflection
3 mo. Reflexes fade, voluntary movements dev.

12. Small Muscle Development cont.
They discover their feet at 3 mo.
3-4 mo. Baby can eat first solid food: baby cereal mixed with formula or breast milk
4 mo. - mitten grasp develops, all objects go in baby’s mouth.
5 mo. Can grasp objects in either hand.
4-5 mo. Pureed fruits are introduced one at a time, then vegetables are introduced one at a time.

13. Small Muscle Dev. Cont. 6 mo. Learns to drop objects at will
7 mo. Likes to bang and rattle objects
8 mo. Learns the pincer grip, uses just thumb and forefinger
11 mo. Can take off shoes and socks
11-12 mo. May try to use spoon to feed self, likes to squish food between fingers

14. Small Muscle Dev. Cont.
11-12 mo. Learned to pat, stroke, and feel different textures.
12 mo. Can take lids off containers
Most babies use both hands equally the first year
Handedness develops shortly after 1st birthday (preference for right hand or left)

15. Intellectual Development
Refers to the development of abilities in perception, association, and other aspects of the mind at work.
50 % of mature intellectual dev. occurs by age 4.
Intellectual dev. advances in an orderly way.

16. Intellectual Dev. Cont.
3 mo. Memory develops. They remember family members, familiar sounds and feeding routines.
4 mo. Shows interest in details of objects
5 mo. “peek -a- boo”, a memory game baby likes to play
6 mo. Stays alert for about 2 hrs

17. Intellectual Dev. Cont.
7 mo. Begins to make simple associations (frig. opens = being fed)
9 mo. Says “mama” and “dada”, may follow simple directions
10 mo. Learns concept of object permanence; unseen objects have not necessarily disappeared.

18. Intellectual Dev. Cont. 11 mo. Knows the meaning of “no”.
12 mo. May be able to say a few words and use gestures; says “no”, waves bye, can shake head to mean no.
Babies will learn by imitating speech sounds, inflections, facial expressions, and actions.
Learning and playing go hand-in-hand for baby

19. Emotional and Social Development
Emotional dev. is the refinement of emotions and mental states that influence behavior.
Social dev. Is the process of learning to relate to others.
Baby likes to interact with parents
Baby learns to trust when parents respond to baby’s needs

20. Emotional, Social Dev.cont
3 mo. Developing a personality, they smile and have a variety of facial expressions
4 mo. May fear strangers, baby becomes aware of differences among people. Stranger anxiety grows throughout the first year

21. Emotional, Social Dev. Cont.
5-6 mo. Separation anxiety, baby clings to primary caregiver (usually mother).
Baby may show jealousy if mother holds another baby.
Mother should not sneak away from baby to avoid the separation anxiety.
Mother should give gentle reassurance that she will return.

22. Emotional, Social Dev. Cont.
7-8 mo. Stranger anxiety, separation anxiety tend to peak.
9-10 mo. Shows interest in playing with others ( like playing pat-a-cake)
11-12 mo. Likes to say “no”, likes to test parents’ limits, enjoys playing with siblings. Expresses many emotions.