1. The Tobacco Economy

2. Indentured Servitude Working for “Freedom Dues” A few barrels of corn
New suit of clothes
Small piece of land
Headright System
Pay the passage of a laborer & get 50 acres
Wealthy amassed huge landholdings
Frustrated Freedmen
Land becomes scarcer
Can’t find a wife

3. Bacon’s Rebellion ( )
Nathaniel Bacon represents former indentured servants.
Governor William Berkeley of Jamestown

4. BACON'S REBELLION Involved former indentured servants
Not accepted in Jamestown
Disenfranchised and unable to receive their land
Gov. Berkeley would not defend settlements from Indian attacks

5. Nathaniel Bacon acts as the representative for rebels
BACON'S REBELLION
Nathaniel Bacon acts as the representative for rebels
Gov. Berkeley refused to meet their conditions and erupts into a civil war.
Bacon dies, Gov. Berkeley puts down rebellion and several rebels are hung
Consequence of Bacon’s Rebellion Plantation owners gradually replaced indentured servants with African slaves because it was seen as a better investment in the long term than indentured servitude.

6. Colonial Slavery
African coastal tribes captured and sold slaves to merchants
More than 20% would die on the “Middle Passage”…
Harsh slave codes passed…
A few slaves eventually become slaveholders themselves…

9. GROWTH OF SLAVERY

10. SLAVE REVOLTS
Slaves resorted to revolts in the 13 colonies and later in the southern U.S.
250 insurrections have been documented; between 1780 and 1864.
91 African-Americans were convicted of insurrection in Virginia alone.
First revolt in what became the United States took place in 1526 at a Spanish settlement near the mouth of the Pee Dee River in South Carolina.
Slave Revolts

11. Stono County Rebellion
SLAVE REVOLTS
Stono County Rebellion
September 9, 1739, twenty black Carolinians met near the Stono River, approximately twenty miles southwest of Charleston. They took guns and powder from a store and killed the two storekeepers they found there.
"With cries of 'Liberty' and beating of drums," "the rebels raised a standard and headed south toward Spanish St. Augustine. Burned houses, and killed white opponents.
Largest slave uprising in the 13 colonies prior to the American Revolution.
Slaveowners caught up with the band of 60 to 100 slaves. 20 white Carolinians and 40 black Carolinians were killed before the rebellion was suppressed.
Slave Revolts/Stono

13. Navigational Act of 1660
The colonies represented a lucrative source of wealth and trade. The Navigation Acts were designed to regulate colonial trade and enabled England to collect duties (taxes) in the Colonies.
The Purpose of the Navigation Acts was to encourage British shipping and allow Great Britain to retain the monopoly of British colonial trade for the benefit of British merchants. The 1660 Navigation Act ensured that the importation and exportation of goods from British Colonies were restricted to British ships which were under the control of British mariners.
The 'goods and commodities' were tobacco, sugar, rice, cotton, wool, dyeing woods - indigo, etc.  Such goods could only be shipped to England. Such goods were to pay heavy duties (taxes) when shipped to England. 
The money from the taxes went to England, not the colonies from where they originated

14. The Triangular Trade
New England merchants gain access to slave trade in the early 1700s
Rum brought to Africa, exchanges for slaves
Ships cross the Middle Passage, slaves trades in the West Indies.
Disease, torture, malnourishment, death for slaves
Sugar brought to New England
Other items trades across the Atlantic, with substantial profits from slavery making merchants rich

15. MERCANTILISM
DEFINED AS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM PRACTICED DURING THE 18TH CENTURY BY EUROPEAN NATIONS.
BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT THERE WAS A LIMITED AMOUNT OF WEALTH IN THE WORLD AND THE WAY TO GET THE MOST GOLD AND SILVER WAS TO HEAVILY REGULATE MANUFACTURING, TRADE, AND PRODUCTION WITHIN A COUNTRY AND ITS COLONIES.
GREAT BRITAIN, FOR EXAMPLE, WOULD PURCHASE RAW MATERIALS FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES AT A LOW PRICE DETERMINED BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. THEN THE COLONIES WERE REQUIRED TO PURCHASE THE FINISHED GOODS MANUFACTURED IN BRITAIN AT HIGH PRICES ALSO SET BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES WERE ONLY ALLOWED TO TRADE WITHIN THE BRITISH EMPIRE.
THIS SYSTEM LED TO BITTERNESS ON THE PART OF THE COLONISTS WHO HAD VERY LITTLE INPUT IN THEIR ECONOMIC POLICIES.

16. COLONIAL TRADE ROUTES

17. POPULATION EXPLOSION AND COLONIAL SELF-RULE
THE COLONIAL POPULATION INCREASED AT AN EXTREMELY FAST PACE AFTER 1700
NEW ARRIVALS MADE UP OF: INDENTURED SERVANTS FROM EUROPE, SLAVES FROM AFRICA, AND BIRTHS FROM COLONISTS
CLEAN DRINKING WATER, PLENTY OF FOOD, AND GOOD CLIMATE WERE MAJOR CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE SPIKE IN BIRTHS BETWEEN
MOST COLONIES HAD SOME FORM OF AN ELECTED LEGISLATURE WHICH FOSTERED A DESIRE TO SELF-RULE

18. America, a “melting pot”

19. Structure of Colonial Society
18th century society very equal compared to Europe (except for slavery)
Most Americans were small (“yeoman”) farmers
Most striking feature: opportunity for “rags to riches”

20. Structure of Colonial Society
Yet compared to 17th century, some barriers to mobility
New social pyramid:
Top: Wealthy merchants, lawyers, clergy, officials joined large planters, aristocrats at top
2nd: Lesser professional men
3rd: Yeoman (own land) farmers, though farm sizes decreasing due to family increase, lack of new land
4th: Lesser tradesmen, manual workers, hired hands
5th: Indentured servants and “jayle birds,” convicts exiled to America by punitive English justice system
6th: Black slaves – some attempts to halt imports for fear of rebellion

21. Workaday America
90% of population involved in agriculture ~ led to highest living standard in world history
Fishing pursued in all colonies, major industry in New England ~ Stimulated shipbuilding
Commerce successful, especially in New England ~ Triangular trade was very profitable

22. Horsepower & Sailpower
No roads connecting major cities until 1700, even then they were terrible
Heavy reliance on waterways, where population clusters formed
Taverns along travel routes: mingling of social classes
Taverns also served as cradles of democracy, clearinghouse of information, hotbeds of agitation