1. POSTWAR EUROPEAN LEADERS

2. KONRAD ADENAUER – WEST GERMANY
“THE OLD MAN”
Not a Nazi, a Christian Democrat
Presided as Chancellor over West German “Economic Miracle”
Voted by nation as one of Germany’s greatest leaders.

3. WALTER ULBRICHT – EAST GERMANY
German Democratic Republic
Unrest in 1953
Constant migration across border into West Germany

4. WILLY BRANDT Social Democrat
Escaped to Norway in 1930s, came back to Germany in 1946
Mayor of West Berlin
Chancellor of West Germany,
Ostpolitik – wins Nobel Peace Prize in 1970

5. At the Berlin Wall (with Robert Kennedy), and in Warsaw memorial

6. CHARLES DE GAULLE

7. ENDS ALGERIAN WAR, 1962

8. MANY EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ADOPT “THE WELFARE STATE”

9. MARGARET THATCHER -Conservative Curbs British welfare state in 1980s
Challenges unions’ power
Takes a hard stand in Northern Ireland
Falklands War, 1982
Encourages Bush against Iraq, 1990

10. NORTHERN IRELAND – Catholic civil rights protests attacked

11. BLOODY SUNDAY, 1972 – British paratroopers shoot down 14 at a civil rights march

12. IRA GAINS FROM VIOLENCE – civil war kills thousands until 1999

13. BOMBINGS, ASSASSINATIONS

14. EUROPEAN COOPERATION
1947 – CEEC – Council for European Economic Cooperation for countries that took Marshall Plan aid.
1950- Jean Monnet and Robert Schumann help create European Coal and Steel Community – Six countries – France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
Later called Common Market or European Community

15. More Cooperation
More countries join between 1973 and 1986 – Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Greece, Portugal, Spain
1993 Maastricht Treaty – European Union (EU). European parliament and common currency instituted. Free travel without passports allowed throughout EU.
Former Communist countries of eastern Europe join in recent years. Currently 27 members