2. Physical Features
Gobi Desert
Kunlun Mts Himalayan Mts.
Huang He (Yellow) River
Yangtze River

3. Middle Kingdom/ Ethnocentrism
Mountains & Deserts in the north & west & Pacific in the east isolated China from outsiders
Ethnocentrism-China was the center of the world
All foreigners were Barbarians
Lacked interest in foreign cultures

4. Texts – Analects/ writings of Confucius
Confucianism
Founded by Confucius
6th Century B.C.
Texts – Analects/ writings of Confucius
Filial Piety Respect for elders
5 relationships Father/son, Ruler/subject, husband/wife, older brother/ younger brother, friend/friend

5. Tao- “The Way” of the universe Live in Harmony with nature
Taoism
Founded by Lao-tzu
3rd century BC
Tao- “The Way” of the universe
Live in Harmony with nature
Balance between Ying & Yang
Rejected government

6. Highly powerful government is the key to social order
Legalism
Highly powerful government is the key to social order
Punishment for offenses should be severe

7. Eightfold Path, ethical behavior & good deeds (Meditation)
Buddhism
Siddartha Gautama
5th Century BC
Eightfold Path, ethical behavior & good deeds (Meditation)
Ultimate goal is Nirvana

8. Rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties
Dynastic Cycles
Rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties
Mandate of Heaven- Rule by divine right.

9. Legalism/confucianism Centralized government Civil Service Exam
Han Dynasty
210BC-220 AD
Legalism/confucianism
Centralized government
Civil Service Exam

10. Legalism/ unified China Shi Huangdi
Chin Dynasty
221BC-210BC
Legalism/ unified China
Shi Huangdi
Burned rival books/regulated coinage
Unified Great Wall of China

11. Expanded Trade (Silk Road) connected china to the Middle East
Tang Dynasty AD
Revived Confucianism
Expanded Trade (Silk Road) connected china to the Middle East

13. Mongols- Invaders from the north Led by Genghis Khan
Mongol Rule
Ruled China from AD
Mongols- Invaders from the north
Led by Genghis Khan
China first experienced foreign rule under Kublai Khan
Opened China to foreign contacts (Marco Polo)

14. Conflict between England & China over Opium Trade
Opium War
Conflict between England & China over Opium Trade
Chinese easily defeated & forced to sign Treaty of Nanking
Gave Britain Island of Hong Kong & extraterritoriality
Right to live under own laws

15. Mao & the Rise of Communists
Sun Yixian establishes republic of China 1911
3 Principles Nationalism, Democracy, livelihood
Chiang Kai Shek takes over leadership of Kuomintang (Nationalists) 1925

16. Taiwan- the Republic of China
Peoples Republic of China
Mainland

17. Mao & the Rise of Communists
Civil War between Nationalists & Communists
Mao Zedong & Communist defeat Nationalists under Chiang Kai Shek (Taiwan)

18. Mao & the Rise of Communists
Great Leap Forward- Program to increase industrial & Agricultural Output (Collectivization)
Cultural Revolution- Renewal of Loyalty to Communism & purge China of non revolutionary forces

20. Leaders after Mao are more moderate UN membership in 1971
Legacy of Mao
Leaders after Mao are more moderate
UN membership in 1971
President Nixon visits China in 1972
US Recognizes China in 1979

22. 4 modernizations: Industry,Farming, Science & technology, Defense.
Leader: Deng Xiaoping promoted foreign trade and contact with western World
4 modernizations: Industry,Farming,
Science & technology,
Defense.
Eliminated communes

23. Economic Reform: supported capitalist ideas but remained strongly Communist
Tiananmen Square student uprising in May ’s killed or wounded. 10,000 arrested
Human rights violations still a huge issue

27. Leader Jiang Zemin (1997-today) Economically open/ politically closed
China in the 1990's
Leader Jiang Zemin (1997-today)
Economically open/ politically closed
Transfer of Hong Kong (1997) from British control
Agreed not to change Hong Kong’s political or economic system for 50 years