1. Read 10 min

2. Consider what the world would be like if Europeans had never sailed west and discovered the Americas. Write a paragraph describing what your lives might be like today if the Old World and New World had never come into contact. Where might you live? How might you live?
Bell Ringer

3. During Renaissance in 1400's and 1500's a spirit of discovery and awakening in Europe led Europeans to discover new lands or new routes. Became so frequent name changed to Age of Exploration.
Driven in large part for search of wealth/fame and glory to their name and some simply were curious (Marco Polo's writings intrigued many in Europe) Spread religion, spread Christian teachings to new populations - Renaissance/religious zeal
Italy dominated trade of spices, silk, perfume and jade from China/India. Hoped to find a quicker route by sea so they could have the upper hand
The Foundations

4. TPS What do you think was the main motive that drove the Age of Exploration and What changes in technology do you believe helped improve navigation?

5. Introduction of compass and astrolabe from China and the Muslims made it possible for explorers to know of their exact location and know which direction was north using location of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon. Could plot courses even when they were out of sight of land
Europeans built ships that rode lower in water, why would this matter?
capable of withstanding heavier waves
Typically had larger cargo holds to carry more supplies. Caravel ship built. light and fast, steered with a rudder at the stern, of the ship rather than side oars and equipped with lateen sails that could even sail into a headwind
Also had one more wartime advantage ?????
Could be equipped with cannons, quickly become most popular ship on exploratory voyages, could outrun or outmaneuver hostile ships or simple outgun them.
Technology

6. TPS Why did Portugal turn toward the Atlantic Ocean rather than the Mediterranean Sea for exploration?
Portugal first to launch large scale voyages under the direction of Prince Henry, "Henry the Navigator“
1400's est. a court of sailors, mapmakers, astronomers and others interested in navigation. Sent men south  to W. Africa, discovered both gold and slaves avail. in area
Main goal for Prince Henry was to find Route around Africa to India, died prior to seeing it accomplished.
1497 Vasco Da Gama took 10 months but reached India, where Portuguese est. trading centers, on other expeditions (Pedro Cabral Far East venture on way to India finding Brazil) then discovering Indonesia supplied valuable goods to Portuguese making it one of most powerful and richest nations in Europe
Portugal

7. 1492 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (Spain) eager to get rich as well, sent out Italian sailor Christopher Columbus, believed he could sail west around world from Spain to China. Knew the world was round but did not know of two other continents in-between.
Near anarchy prior to hitting San Salvador in Caribbean. Believed he had reached Asia(indies) even until death. Due to his belief of landing in the Indies, called the people there Indians.
Returned in 1493 to Spain with parrots, jewels, gold, and new plants. Brought back several native Americans and they were baptized to Christianity. Hailed as a hero in Spain due to belief of finding new route to Asia. Made 3 more voyages to "Asia/America“
Spain

8. 1502 Amerigo Vespucci sailed along coast of S
1502 Amerigo Vespucci  sailed along coast of S. America and discovered it was its own land and named it America in his honor. (voyages became known due to 2 letters wrote to Lorenzo de Medici).
1513 Spaniards took 3 weeks to cross Isthmus of Panama. Balboa first European to see Pacific Ocean, now realized that they needed to cross another ocean to reach Asia, but unsure how large.
Ferdinand Magellan sailed west around the world. Born Portugal but sailed for Spain, set out in with 250 men and five ships. Some of men rebelled, finally reaching Philippines where Magellan was killed in a battle with the natives. His men sailed on and in early September survivors of original fleet reached Spain being the first to circumnavigate- sail completely around the world.
Continued…

9. English, John Cabot reached Canada in 1497, believing to be Asia, set out on second expedition and entire fleet vanished.....
Sent Sir Frances Drake to discover "Asia/America" after learning the truth. Drake rounded tip of S. America stopping California and due to cold weather decided to circumnavigate instead of heading back, becoming the second man in the world to do so.
French sent many explorers looking for northern passage ended up claiming Canada for N. France
Dutch came into play much later, sending out previous English explorer Henry Hudson who discovered Hudson River area in current day New York.
Rest of Europe

10. Partner Project
You are working for an admissions department of a navigation school in the late 1400's. Each group will create a poster, brochure, or advertisements and other materials to recruit students for the school. Recruitment materials should provide information about the school's programs and explain how they will prepare students for a maritime career.

11. Partner Jigsaw – Groups of 4
Competing Claims in N. America p. 561
The English Arrive in N. America p. 562
The struggle for North America p. 563
Native Americans Respond p. 564