1. Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Using Quotations

2. 3 ways of using text evidence:
Sum
Par
Quo

3. Summarizing THEIR WORDS YOUR WORDS
Have students record on their graphic organizer “their words” and “your words.”
THEIR WORDS
YOUR WORDS

4. Summarizing 1. I change their words into my words.
2. I make it shorter.
3. I focus on the most important details.
4. I keep the information in order.
PURPOSE: We summarize when we need to cover a lot of information from another text.
Summarizing is what we most often use when we are speaking. Everyday we summarize to others what happened to us or how we felt. Typically, we summarize in the order that things happened because that makes the most sense.
Have students come up with a brief sentence to put in the “Use it when” spot on their graphic organizer.

5. Example of Summary
Notice that the summary of the text is much shorter than the original text. However, the summary follows the same structure and order of the original.

6. EXAMPLE: Summarizing (THEIR WORDS)
When I was in sixth grade, I was “going out” with a boy for the first time. He sat next to me in band – we both played alto saxophone.
The relationship amounted to talking during band and holding hands between our lockers and getting on the bus each afternoon.
The day before the Valentine’s Day dance, I got to band class and sat down next to him, chattering away while I put my instrument together. I noticed something in my case that wasn’t normally there: a note. I opened it, and read it to myself. It was from him, telling me things “weren’t working out.”
I was speechless. I gathered up my things and moved down two seats to share a music stand with another friend. I couldn't believe that he would put the note right where I would find it at the beginning of class! ...
The next day, at the dance, I did what any jilted sixth grader would do. I went up to him in the middle of the gym and kicked him in the shins.
Amy “Unlucky in Love: Readers tell of Romance Gone Wrong.” The New York Times. Feb 13, Web.
Have students read the text and then offer suggestions about what is important to keep and what can be left out when summarizing.

7. EXAMPLE: Summarizing (MY WORDS)
In sixth grade, Amy had a boyfriend in her band class. After he broke up with her, she kicked him in the shins at the Valentine’s Day dance. (Source 1)

8. YOU TRY IT! THE LEGEND OF “STINGY JACK”
People have been making jack‐o’‐lanterns on Halloween for centuries. The practice originated from an Irish myth about a man nicknamed “Stingy Jack.” According to the story, Stingy Jack invited the devil to have a drink with him. True to his name, Stingy Jack didn’t want to pay for his drink, so he convinced the devil to turn himself into a coin that Jack could use to buy their drinks. Once the devil did so, Jack decided to keep the money and put it into his pocket next to a silver cross, which prevented the devil from changing back into his original form. Jack eventually freed the devil, under the condition that he would not bother Jack for one year and that, should Jack die, he would not claim his soul. The next year, Jack again tricked the devil into climbing into a tree to pick a piece of fruit. While he was up in the tree, Jack carved a sign of the cross into the tree’s bark so that the devil could not come down until the devil promised Jack not to bother him for ten more years.
Soon after, Jack died. As the legend goes, God would not allow such an unsavory figure into heaven. The devil, upset by the trick Jack had played on him and keeping his word not to claim his soul, would not allow Jack into hell. He sent Jack off into the dark night with only a burning coal to light his way. Jack put the coal into a carved‐out turnip and has been roaming the earth with ever since. The Irish began to refer to this ghostly figure as “Jack of the Lantern,” and then, simply “Jack O’Lantern.”
Have students read the text and then write down their summary on their graphic organizer.

9. Paraphrasing
THEIR WORDS
YOUR WORDS

10. Paraphrasing I change their words into my words.
I keep it about the same length.
I explain the information more clearly.
Purposes:
I paraphrase when the information is too important to summarize.
I paraphrase to make the information more clear.
Paraphrasing is what we use when it will help our audience read

11. EXAMPLE: Paraphrasing (THEIR WORDS)
The day before the Valentine’s Day dance, I got to band class and sat down next to him, chattering away while I put my instrument together. I noticed something in my case that wasn’t normally there: a note. I opened it, and read it to myself. It was from him, telling me things “weren’t working out.”

12. EXAMPLE: Paraphrasing (MY WORDS)
One day Amy got to band class and started talking to her boyfriend. She noticed as she put her saxophone together that there was a note in her case. It was from her boyfriend; he said he wanted to break up. (Source 1)
***PARAPHRASING IS NOT JUST CHANGING A FEW WORDS

13. Example #2
Paraphrased
Alcatraz was a prison that was started in It was built on an island in the ocean a mile from the California coast. Because it was the most secure prison in the USA, the worst criminals were sent here.
Alcatraz was an isolated place where few outside influences were allowed in. Rules were so strict that prisoners were kept to a strict wake up time each day. Every time they ate, they were checked to make sure they hadn’t stolen any of the utensils.
Original
Alcatraz opened as a federal prison in Located on an island in the middle of San Francisco Bay, it was a mile from shore. It seemed like the perfect place to keep the country’s toughest criminals. Soon Alcatraz was known as the most escape-proof prison in the nation. Prisons across the country sent their worst troublemakers there.
Alcatraz was a harsh, lonely place. No newspapers were allowed. Inmates could listen to only a few radio programs. A morning gong signaled wake-up at 6:30 a.m. After meals, forks and knives were counted.
-Scholastic Action Magazine, October 29, 2012, page 9

14. YOU TRY IT! THE LEGEND OF “STINGY JACK”
People have been making jack‐o’‐lanterns on Halloween for centuries. The practice originated from an Irish myth about a man nicknamed “Stingy Jack.” According to the story, Stingy Jack invited the devil to have a drink with him. True to his name, Stingy Jack didn’t want to pay for his drink, so he convinced the devil to turn himself into a coin that Jack could use to buy their drinks. Once the devil did so, Jack decided to keep the money and put it into his pocket next to a silver cross, which prevented the devil from changing back into his original form. Jack eventually freed the devil, under the condition that he would not bother Jack for one year and that, should Jack die, he would not claim his soul. The next year, Jack again tricked the devil into climbing into a tree to pick a piece of fruit. While he was up in the tree, Jack carved a sign of the cross into the tree’s bark so that the devil could not come down until the devil promised Jack not to bother him for ten more years.
Soon after, Jack died. As the legend goes, God would not allow such an unsavory figure into heaven. The devil, upset by the trick Jack had played on him and keeping his word not to claim his soul, would not allow Jack into hell. He sent Jack off into the dark night with only a burning coal to light his way. Jack put the coal into a carved‐out turnip and has been roaming the earth with ever since. The Irish began to refer to this ghostly figure as “Jack of the Lantern,” and then, simply “Jack O’Lantern.”

15. Quoting
“ ”
THEIR WORDS
YOUR PAPER,
“THEIR WORDS”

16. Quoting I don’t change any words.
I put quotation marks around the quote.
Purpose:
I quote when something cannot be said in any other way because it has been said so well already.

17. EXAMPLE: Quotations (THEIR WORDS)
The next day, at the dance, I did what any jilted sixth grader would do. I went up to him in the middle of the gym and kicked him in the shins.

18. EXAMPLE: Quotations (YOUR PAPER, THEIR WORDS)
Amy remarked, “The next day, at the dance, I did what any jilted sixth grader would do. I went up to him in the middle of the gym and kicked him in the shins.” (Source 1)
“ ”

19. YOU TRY IT! THE LEGEND OF “STINGY JACK”
People have been making jack‐o’‐lanterns on Halloween for centuries. The practice originated from an Irish myth about a man nicknamed “Stingy Jack.” According to the story, Stingy Jack invited the devil to have a drink with him. True to his name, Stingy Jack didn’t want to pay for his drink, so he convinced the devil to turn himself into a coin that Jack could use to buy their drinks. Once the devil did so, Jack decided to keep the money and put it into his pocket next to a silver cross, which prevented the devil from changing back into his original form. Jack eventually freed the devil, under the condition that he would not bother Jack for one year and that, should Jack die, he would not claim his soul. The next year, Jack again tricked the devil into climbing into a tree to pick a piece of fruit. While he was up in the tree, Jack carved a sign of the cross into the tree’s bark so that the devil could not come down until the devil promised Jack not to bother him for ten more years.
Soon after, Jack died. As the legend goes, God would not allow such an unsavory figure into heaven. The devil, upset by the trick Jack had played on him and keeping his word not to claim his soul, would not allow Jack into hell. He sent Jack off into the dark night with only a burning coal to light his way. Jack put the coal into a carved‐out turnip and has been roaming the earth with ever since. The Irish began to refer to this ghostly figure as “Jack of the Lantern,” and then, simply “Jack O’Lantern.”

20. Citing: Giving Credit
When summarizing or paraphrasing it is important to remember to give a person credit for what he or she wrote.
We do this by including his or her name in our writing.
E.g., Samuel Fuller, author of Gibber Jabber, believes that . . .
When summarizing or paraphrasing we do not use quotation marks.

21. Citing: Giving Credit
Quotes are used when we want to say exactly what someone else said.
We use quotes if the meaning will be lost if we change the wording.
Or if the person we want to quote is well-known and using their name will make us sound credible (smarter). 
When using quotes we need to include the name of the author and quotation marks.

22. Using a Quote
Quote: “The best way to not feel hopeless is to get up and do something. Don’t wait for good things to happen to you. If you go out and make some good things happen, you will fill the world with hope, you will fill yourself with hope.” –Barack Obama
 How to use in a paper: According to President Barack Obama, “The best way to not feel hopeless is to get up and do something. Don’t wait for good things to happen to you. If you go out and make some good things happen, you will fill the world with hope, you will fill yourself with hope.” However, I disagree because . . .

23. REVIEW: What is the difference?
SUMMARIZING means you only share the main points of what they said, and you make it a lot shorter.
PARAPRHASING means you say what they said, only in your own words. They should be about the same length.
QUOTING means you use their exact words with no changes.
YOU MUST CITE (give credit to) the author anytime you do any of these.
YOU ONLY USE QUOTATION MARKS when you are quoting.

24. REVIEW: When do you use what?
SUMMARIZE
If you just need to communicate the main idea/give background
PARAPHRASE
If you want to avoid overusing quotations
If you want to use your own voice to present the information
QUOTE
If changing the original words will lose the meaning/power
If using a famous person’s words will make you sound credible