1. UNESCO Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1970
World Heritage List
Procedure for inscription
Properties of “outstanding universal value”
conflict between universality and cultural diversity
Landscapes included
associative cultural landscapes
“powerful religious, artistic or cultural associations of the natural element”
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park (Australia)
Tongariro National Park (New Zealand)
natural landscapes with biological elements
Management policies ensuring protection

2. Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore 1969
Definition
totality of tradition-based creations of a cultural community, expressed by a group or individuals and recognized as reflecting the expectations of a community in so far as they reflect its cultural and social identity (includes language, literature, music, dance, games, mythology, rituals, customs, handicrafts, architecture and other arts).

3. Protection of bio-diversity?
Emphasis on scholarship and research
Largely regarded as ineffective

4. Proposed international convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage
Nature of instrument?
Modelled on World Heritage Convention?
Definition?
Other UNESCO programmes
Living Human Treasures
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

5. WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION (WIPO)
Copyright, patents and trade marks
Exercise on Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore
Intergovernmental Committee proposed
Followed information gathering
Meetings April and December 2001: June 2002 and coming December 2002

6. Report: “Intellectual Property Needs and Expectations of Traditional Knowledge Holders”
Possible new IP tools to protect TK and development of sui generis system of community or collective rights
Consider TK in assessing rights to IP
Suggests separating issues of loss of plant genetic resources from those concerning loss of cultural or folklore diversity

7. Conclusion
Many international organizations now interested in knowledge of spiritual leaders and traditional healers
For long-term viability of plant life
Preservation of bio-diversity on sacred sites
Preservation of cultural diversity
Preservation of the environment