1. CANCER

2. What is Cancer?
Abnormal cells reproducing out of control.

3. Most Common Cancers in US
Males: 1.) Prostate Cancer
2.) Lung Cancer
3.) Colon Cancer
4.) Bladder Cancer
5.) Melanoma’s of the skin
Females: 1.) Breast Cancer
4.) Uterine Cancer
5.) Thyroid

9. How common is cancer?
Approximately 39.6% percent of men and women in the United States will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their life. (down from 40.4%)

10. The number of people living beyond a cancer diagnosis:
14.5 million in 2014
19 million by (estimated)

11. In 2016, in the United States: *estimated 1,685,210 new
cases of cancer will be
diagnosed
*estimated 595,690 people
will die from the disease.

13. There are more than 100 types of cancer.
Types of cancer are usually named for the organs or tissues where the cancers form
Also may be described by the type of cell that formed them. 

14. Prefixes:
Adeno - glands
Hepato - liver
Melano - dark
Osteo - bone

15. Skin Cancers Occur when: unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells
ultraviolet radiation from sunshine
tanning beds
triggers mutations, or genetic defects
skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors.

16. Skin Cancers Approximately 2,000,000 new cases per year
Deaths less than 1000 plus most melanoma patients.

18. Carcinomas
- Skin (may itch) - Surfaces of organs Ex. Stomach, liver, colon, skin, etc

19. Carcinomas Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma

20. Carcinomas – surface cancers

21. Basal Cell Carcinoma This is the most common form of all cancers.
It occurs in cells lining the deepest part of the skin's outer layer.
Basal cell carcinomas often look like:
Open sores
Red patches
Pink growths
Shiny bumps or scars

22. Basal Cells

23. Basal Cell Carcinoma

24. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Often shows up on the skin.
Can also be found in other parts of the body, such as cells lining:
Certain organs
Digestive tract
Respiratory tract
Tends to grow and spread more than basal cell cancers.
In rare cases, it may spread to the lymph nodes.

25. Squamous Cell Carcinoma

26. Melanoma Most dangerous form of skin cancer.
Pigment producing melanocytes
Resemble moles
Mostly brown or black but can be pink, purple, or white.
Kills an estimated 10,130 people in the US annually.

27. Melanoma

29. Sarcomas Rare cancer Grow in connective tissues
Bone
Cartilage
Tendons
Muscles
Nerves
Blood vessels
More common in kids and young people

30. Sarcomas More than 50 types of sarcoma Grouped into two main kinds:
soft tissue sarcoma
bone sarcoma, or osteosarcoma 
12,000 cases of soft tissue sarcoma and 3,000 cases of bone sarcomas were seen in the U.S. in

31. Sarcoma Hard to spot Most often the first sign is a painless lump.
No tests that can find these tumors before they cause symptoms that you notice.
Early symptoms, including:
Pain off and on in the affected bone, which may be worse at night
Swelling, which often starts weeks after the pain
A limp, if the sarcoma is in your leg

32. Lymphoma Immune System – (lymph glands) Most common in young people
Type of white blood cell – lymphocytes
Most common in young people
Can be any age
2 Types
Hodgkins
B-cells and T-cells
Non-hodgkins
Abnormal type of B-cell, Reed-Sternberg cells
How Lymphoma Develops

33. Leukemia Cancer of: Mainly affects the white blood cells. 2 types:
bone marrow
blood
Mainly affects the white blood cells.
Produce abnormal ones – don’t function properly
2 types:
Acute – fast growing
Chronic – slow growing
Children under 15; adults over 55

34. TUMORS Malignant Benign BIOPSY confirms which one it is - Cancerous
- Invade tissues and spread to other parts of the body (METASTASIS)
Benign
- Are NOT Cancerous
- Usually self-encased and grow, but do not spread around the body.
BIOPSY confirms which one it is

35. Cancer Cells

36. Angiogenesis

37. Hyperplasia

38. Metastasis

40. Detecting Cancer Radiation : X-Rays : CT Scans (CAT Scan) (Tomography)
: Ultra Sounds
: MRI
Etc.

41. Lung Cancer X-Ray CT Scan

42. Ultrasound

43. TESTS TO DETECT PAP Mammograms PSA Colonoscopy Blood FOBT Urine
Chromosome Test (BRCA gene)
Sight Test (Dermatologist)
Barium Enema
Bone Scan

45. Upper G.I (H. pylori)

46. PSA Prostate Specific Antigen - Produced by the Prostate Gland
BLOOD TEST (Fairly Inexpensive) some insurances do not cover 
- High numbers indicate possibility
Verify by a Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

50. Colonoscopy

51. PAP Test Also called a PAP Smear - Long Q-tip
- Cells examined under the microscope
- Other cells grown

53. FOBT
Fecal Occult Blood Test
- Used to detect Colon Cancer

55. Mammograms Used to detect Breast Cancer
Males can get it too, just not as common
BRCA Genes
tumor suppressor genes
Chromosome 17

57. Chromosome Tests Ex. BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 Genes
Show the liklihood of additional breast cancer
ONCOGENES = Genes that turn ON Cancer
Tumor Suppressor Genes – Shut OFF Cancer

58. Colonoscopy
Recommended by age 50 and then every 5 to 10 years later (Obamacare starts at 65)
Can be done in clinics or hospital
Costs & convenience & pain differences

59. CAUSES OF CANCER Tobacco Alcohol Drugs Air Pollution Water Pollution
Chemicals
Age
Heredity
Hyperplasia
Hormones
Carcinogens
Diet
Obesity
Radiation – Including Radon
Sunlight

60. STAGES OF CANCER STAGE I STAGE II STAGE III STAGE IV
Some actually have a stage 0

62. PREVENTION: Avoid the causes Get tested Eat Healthy Exercise
Vaccines (Hepatitus, HPV, +?)
Gardasil

63. TREATMENTS CHEMO (Chemical Therapy) Radiation
Surgery\Mastectomy\Lumpectomy
Hysterectomy, etc.
Bone Marrow transplants
Stem Cells?
Genetic Screening/Testing
Clinical Trials
Immunotherapy

64. Chemotherapy

67. Radiation

68. Radiation – pin point

69. Surgery

71. Cancer Cells