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By: Adam, Ben, Nick, Zeeshan & Cameron
Art & Architecture By: Adam, Ben, Nick, Zeeshan & Cameron
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Topics Pyramids Tombs Paintings Pottery Sculptures
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Introduction Throughout history Egyptian art and architecture became more and more advanced. Religion was the catalyst behind most of the advancements. Purpose of art & architecture was to portray and immortalize one’s existence.
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Pyramids Pre Dynastic Era Early Dynasty Art & Architecture Art
No pyramids at this time in history Early Dynasty Art No Pyramids Architecture Mastabas first appear, constructed with mud bricks. Placed on top of grave
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Pyramids Cont’d Old Kingdom Art Architecture
Intricate carvings on the surface of the Mastaba Architecture Stone is first used in construction Step Pyramid of Djoser first example of a pyramid Series of smaller Mastabas stacked on top of each other Imhotep is accredited for its conception
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Pyramids Cont’d The Bent Pyramid has angles of 43 degrees
Angle modified from 60 to 43 Retained its casing stone Limestone used for flexibility 2 entrances (One North & one south) Pyramids of Giza made of stone Not exactly known how they were made. Cause for much speculation
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Pyramids Cont’d New Kingdom Art & Architecture
Abandoned Pyramids in favor of tombs in the Valley of the Kings.
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Tombs Pre Dynastic Era Early Dynasty Art Architecture No art in tombs
No tombs only shallow graves Early Dynasty Artistic standard set at this point in history Mastabas were used at this point.
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Tombs Cont’d Old Kingdom Art Architecture
Limestone reliefs carved intricately used in tombs Reliefs depicting the person’s life placed in tomb Art within the “Snefurunian” pyamids was minimal Architecture Limestone load bearing columns implemented Step pyramid had over 6km of subterranean passageways
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Tombs Cont’d Middle Kingdom Art & Architecture
Pyramids created by Sneferu all had square floor plans with burial chamber in the middle Giza Plateau Pyramids all similar to Sneferu pyramids, only much bigger and elaborately designed. Middle Kingdom Art & Architecture Not much innovation
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Tombs Cont’d New Kingdom Art Architecture
Tombs covered in religious texts and reliefs Architecture Egyptian abandoned pyramids Underground tombs hidden in the cliff face and in valleys soon became the preferred structure Over time tombs accumulated in a certain area creating the Valley of the Kings Started of with tombs with one or two passageways By the end of the New kingdom the tombs had over 100 chambers and passageways Tombs painstakingly carved out of bed rock.
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Paintings Paintings managed to survive due to the dry climate of the Sahara Desert. Paintings were often about passing on to the afterlife or about their protective deities. Tomb paintings often showed what the buried has done in their life. Wall murals were a common form of decoration in ancient Egyptian buildings. Large-scale paintings were the result of teamwork, with each person specializing in one aspect of the process.
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Paintings Cont’d Common colors for Egyptian paintings are red, blue, black, gold, and green. Relief paintings are when the artists carves into rock to give it a feel and texture.
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Paintings Cont’d Pre Dynastic Era Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom
Monumental treatment was given to designs like those drawn in red on buff-colored pottery from Hieraconpolis Old Kingdom Unity of style was formed and had a different appearance to the predynastic art. Middle Kingdom The art style developed a little bit from the Old Kingdom, but wasn't exactly unified and perfect till later.
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Paintings Cont’d New Kingdom
Can be viewed as final stage in art development of Egypt. Paintings are noted for their boldness of design and vitality. Later New Kingdom had art style that reflected naturalistic tendencies and a new sense of life A little later than that, the New Kingdom had a new art style similar to how it started out, but the vitality in them were lost. By the time the Syrians invaded, art declined, but metalworking increased
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Pottery Pottery was first used to store things for egyptians
Pottery was used to store food and drink Most pottery was made of reddish brown clay Pottery was used to bury body parts of the dead Pottery would sometimes represent the interior part of the body such as the lungs Egyptians used nile clay and marl clay
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Pottery Cont’d Canopic jars were used during the mummification process to store body parts Imsety the human headed god stored the liver Hapy the baboon headed god looked after the lungs Duamutef the jackal headed god looks after the stomach Qebehsenuef the falcon headed god looks after the intestines
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Sculptures Pre Dynasty Egypt Old Kingdom Terracotta (clay) sculptures
Rudimentary designs Old Kingdom Sculpting main art form, using sunk relief Mainly placed in tombs and temples Ka statues used as resting place for soul Ushabtis placed in graves and tombs Colossal sculptures built during this time
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Sculptures Cont’d Middle Kingdom New Kingdom
Block statues were made popular for 2000 years Sculptures become more realistic New Kingdom Amarna art begins Sculptures reflect nobility and detail Tries to reclaim old art form, sculptures are repetitive
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Sculptures Cont’d Techniques and Guidelines
Statues used “Sunk Relief” technique Males were darker than females Class was represented by colour All gods had specific features Art was ranked according to how it followed the conventions and guidelines Egyptians tried to keep the same art style, to have a timeless appearance
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