1. Mood Disorders (aka – Affective Disorders)
**Now divided into “Bipolar and Related Disorders” and “Depressive Disorders” in DSM-5**
Mr. Koch
AP Psychology
Andover High School

2. Depressive Disorders Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder, Single and Recurrent Episodes
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Depressive Disorder
Unspecified Depressive Disorder

3. Major Depression
Disorder where person feels sad, overwhelmed, hopeless for weeks or months
Typically lose interest in activities & relationships and take pleasure in nothing
Despite best efforts, everything from conversation to bathing is an unbearable, exhausting effort
Often exaggerated feelings of inadequacy, worthlessness, hopelessness, or guilt
Can begin suddenly or gradually
Single episode or repeated
“Common cold” of all disorders
9.5% of pop. in any given year
1 in 5 over lifetime
Young adults & women most susceptible

4. Major Depression
To be diagnosed, must experience 5 of following (usually for >2wks):
Persistent depressed mood most of the day
Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities
Significant weight loss or gain
Sleep changes
Speeding up or slowing down of physical & emotional reactions
Loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness, guilt
Reduced concentration, inability to make meaningful decisions
Recurring thoughts of death/suicide
(depression a factor in 40-70% of suicides)

5. Related Disorders Post-partum Depression Seasonal Affective Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Sad mood, lack of interest, loss of pleasure like Major Depression – but chronic in nature
Must last at least 2 years to qualify
Post-partum Depression
Major Depression that begins following birth of child
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Symptoms of depression connected to lack of sunlight in winter months
“specifiers”

6. Bipolar and Related Disorders
Bipolar I Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder
Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder
Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder

7. Bipolar Disorder (formerly known as Manic Depressive Disorder)
Alternating b/w extremes of mood
depression & mania
Mania – extremely agitated, usually elated, emotional state
Usually very optimistic, extremely energetic, certain of extraordinary powers/abilities, bursting w/ ideas
May make impulsive/unwise decisions, irritated by those trying to reason or “slow them down”

8. Manic Episode

9. Variations of Disorder
Bipolar I
mania & deep depression
About 1% pop. – equal M/F
Bipolar II
major depression & hypomania (less severe)
Also 1% pop.
Cyclothymic Disorder
Bipolar equivalent of dysthymia
intensity less severe

10. Bipolar I
Major Depression
Bipolar II
Dysthymic Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder

11. Causes of Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
Appears to be a genetic link
Clear connection with chemical imbalance
Depression – low norepinephrine & serotonin
Mania – high norepinephrine
Social Cognitive explanations:
Self-defeating beliefs, learned helplessness
But some research suggests depressed people assess world more accurately (but not adaptively) – Depressive Realism
Attribution of blame
Internal vs. external?
Stable vs. unstable?
Global vs. specific?