1. Chapter 10 Section 1 Objective 3.01
Politics of Slavery
Chapter 10 Section 1
Objective 3.01

2. Objective 3.01
Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.

3. North and South Develop differently

4. North Immigrants oppose slavery
Feared competition between free labor and slave labor
Threatened to reduce status of white workers who could not compete with slaves

5. South
Fewer immigrants
Slaves were the majority in SC, LA, and MS

6. Slavery in the Territories
Wilmot Proviso – would have closed Mexican Cession lands to slavery forever
Passed in House, Defeated in Senate – why?
Southerners saw slaves as property – Constitutional right

7. California Southerners assumed it would be a slave state. Why?
California applies for admission as a free state. Sets off debate.

8. Sectionalism
Many issues relating to sectionalism faced the 31st Congress (1849)
California
Texas/NM
Slavery in DC
Fugitive Slave Act
Secession?

9. Henry Clay
The Great Compromiser worked to pass a compromise in the Senate
The Compromise of 1850

11. Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state
Utah and New Mexico decide territories decide about slavery – popular sovereignty – right of the people to decide
Texas-NM boundary dispute settled; Texas paid $10 million
Sale of slaves banned in D.C. Slavery may continue there
Stronger Fugitive Slave Act

13. Daniel Webster assists
Webster helped Clay’s appeal for nat’l unity
7th of March Speech
Angered home state (MA)
Support of Fugitive Slave Act?

14. Senate rejects Compromise
Clay leaves Washington
Stephen Douglas of Illinois pushes Compromise through
He broke it up and passed the resolutions one by one

15. Millard Fillmore Gen. Zachary Taylor dies (President)
Millard Fillmore becomes President and supports the Compromise

16. Fugitive Slave Act Many surprised by harsh terms
Fugitives not entitled to a jury
Fed. commissioners received $10 for returning a runaway and $5 for freeing him or her

17. Personal Liberty Laws
Passed by Northern states – forbade imprisonment of runaway slaves and guaranteed jury trials
Enraged Southerners

18. Underground Railroad Secret network that helped slaves escape
Most famous conductor was Harriet Tubman

19. Harriet Tubman Most famous conductor of Underground Railroad
Suffered brain damage (hit by overseer) as a young slave
Eventually ran away
Made 19 trips back to the South to help 300 slaves escape

20. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Published 1852 Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Fictional novel about life under slavery
Inflamed passions

21. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (continued)
Northern abolitionists increased protests
Southerners became determined to defend slavery

22. Slavery kept tightly controlled in South
Slave codes – pre-Civil War laws in South – regulated would a slave could and couldn’t do
Ex. – illegal to teach a slave to read

23. Nebraska and Kansas
Douglas pushes to organize territory west of Iowa and Missouri in 1854
2 reasons:
Chicago – San Francisco RR
Believed people wanted western lands incorporated into the Union

24. Popular Sovereignty
Douglas pushes for popular sovereignty in Nebraska and Kansas territories
People decide (about slavery)
This territory was north of the 36’30 line from the Missouri Compromise

25. Prairie slavery?

26. Kansas – Nebraska Act
Jan – Douglas introduces bill into Congress
Divides territory into Nebraska (north) and Kansas (south)
Established popular sovereignty in both territories (repealed Missouri Compromise)
Bill strongly supported by Southerners
Passes with the help of…

27. Franklin Pierce
Democrat
Elected President in 1852

28. Violence Erupts
Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery settlers rush to settle Kansas and set up their own governments

30. “Border Ruffians”
Pro-slavery advocates from Missouri illegally voted in a Pro-slavery gov’t
Lecompton Constitution
Abolitionists organized a rival gov’t in Topeka in 1855

31. “Sack of Lawrence” Antislavery settlers founded Lawrence, KS
Posse of 800 armed men burned down the town

32. “Pottawatomie Massacre”
Ardent abolitionist John Brown heard (mistakenly) that 5 men had been killed at Lawrence
He and his followers killed 5 men in pro-slavery settlement at Pottawatomie Creek

34. “Bleeding Kansas”
“waving the bloody shirt”

35. Violence in the Senate Preston Brooks (SC) canes Charles Sumner (Mass)
May 22, 1856