1. Introduction To Chemistry
A Motivational Lesson

2. CHEMISTRY
ELEMENT,
COMPOUND
AND
MIXTURE

3. Non-Metal Metal (l) (l) (s) (g) (s) (g) – gas (l) – liquid (s) - solid
ELEMENT
Non-Metal
Metal
(l)
(l)
(s)
(g)
(s)
(g) – gas (l) – liquid (s) - solid

4. The periodic table Increasing metallic characterBe B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Increasing metallic character K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
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5. What is an element ? Element A chemical substance Simplest substance
Cannot be decomposed to a simpler substance
Built up from one type of atoms only

6. Examples of Metals
( Sodium ) Na
Use
Sodium
Lamp

7. What is a Compound ?
2 or more elements chemically combined with a chemical Bond between the particles

8. Compound Constituents : H , C , O
Glucose
Use : Carbohydrates
Compound Constituents : H , C , O

9. Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixture – composition and properties are uniform (sometimes called a solution)
Air – principal components include O2, N2 & CO2
Vodka – principal components are EtOH & H2O
Brass – solid solution of Cu and Zn
Ruby – solid solution of Al2O3 and Cr2O3

10. Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixture – composition and properties are non-uniform
Chocolate Chip Cookie – chocolate, sugar, dough, etc.
Concrete – cement, sand, aggregate
Vomit – Depends upon previous intake of food and drink

11. Air– Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, water vapor etc.
Examples of Mixtures
Air– Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, water vapor etc.
Is it homo or hetero?

12. Components : Lactose, water, proteins, vitamins, minerals etc
Milk
Components : Lactose, water, proteins, vitamins, minerals etc
Is it Home or hetero?
Depends on how long it sits, it may separate into creamy curds and liquid whey

13. Changes in Matter Chemical Physical Gas Sublimation Evaporation
Deposition
Condensation
Changes don’t have to be on a macro scale - at the very trace analysis scale can also get changes at ppb (109) and ppt (1012) level
Melting
Solid
Liquid
Freezing

14. Changes in Matter Physical change
Substance changes physical appearance without altering its identity
e.g. changes of state
ice melting to form water

15. Changes in Matter Chemical changes (or chemical reactions)
Substances transform into chemically different substances
i.e. identity changes
e.g. decomposition of water