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Punic Wars.

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Presentation on theme: "Punic Wars."— Presentation transcript:

1 Punic Wars

2 Roman Military Legion: Roman military unit
Both patricians and plebeians were required to perform military service Romans had extremely strong discipline

3 Carthage Carthage was the strongest naval power at the time with a huge reserve of warships

4 Punic? The Punic Wars were named because of the Roman name for Carthaginians: Punici, or Poenici.

5 Causes of the War Started as an internal dispute between two kingdoms on the island of Sicily One of the side (Messina) asked Rome for help, the other (Syracuse) asked Carthage for help Developed into a full-blown war for the control of Sicily

6 Map Before the War

7 Engineering an Empire 1st Punic War: 15:30-25:02
2nd Punic War: 25:02-36:17 3rd Punic War: 36:18-end

8 First Punic War (264-241 BCE) Carthage was a naval power
Rome was a land power Rome knew that it could not compete in naval battles with Carthage using the ram-and-sink technique (remember this from Ancient Greece???) because Carthaginian ships were so fast and maneuverable Solutions? Brainstorm with your group and give your best military advice for Rome

9 Corvus

10 Result Rome won a large string of victories and eventually wins the war! Peace Agreement Carthage has to leave Sicily Carthage has to pay Rome a large war reparation (payment) that will cripple their economy for years

11 Hamilcar Barca Famous Carthaginian general
Carthage is having trouble paying its debts so it tries to invade Spain for its riches Carthage tells Rome that they are only invading Spain to pay Rome back

12 Map Before the Second Punic War

13 Hannibal’s Pledge Hamilar Barca had a son named Hannibal
As a child, he forces his son to swear an oath that he will hate Rome for what they have done to Carthage When Hamilcar dies in Spain, Hannibal becomes a Carthaginian general to carry on his father’s mission

14 2nd Punic War ( BCE) Starts over a dispute in the Spanish city of Saguntum Hannibal leads his troops to take the city and wins but suffers major losses Solution: If you are Hannibal, what would you do next?

15

16 Hannibal’s Surprise Invasion
Hannibal crosses the Alps with his army and his elephants Rome did not expect the naval power to travel overland!!!

17 Hannibal’s Strategy Hannibal tried to recruit Roman allies along the Italian Peninsula to enlarge his army Hannibal does not punish towns if they don’t join, so many stay loyal to Rome The people of Gaul, to the north of Rome, do join him More towns join as he becomes more successful in battle Must try to trade for or find food as the army marches

18 Battle of Lake Trasimane (217 BCE)
Hannibal is known as one of the best war strategists in history Hannibal’s army meets the Romans near a lake and the Romans set up camp on one side of a narrow pass along the lake and the Carthaginians are on the other To their other side of the lake is a hilly, forest region Hannibal lights fires up on the hills to make the Romans think that they have move their camp uphill Romans attack up the hill Carthaginians are actually waiting much closer to the lake and ambush the Romans, winning the battle

19 Battle of Lake Trasimane (217 BCE)

20 Battle of Ager Falernus (217 BCE)
This time the Romans have been able to trap the Carthaginians in a valley surrounded by mountains and a river Romans block the mountain passes and the river Solution: What should Hannibal do? I’m between a rock and a hard place!

21 Volturnus River

22 Hannibal’s Solution Hannibal tied burning stick to the horns of 2000 heads of cattle At night, he had some soldiers cause a stampede and drive the cattle towards on one the mountain passes guarded by the Romans Romans thought they were being attacked by the Carthaginians and all gathered to defend the pass The rest of the Carthaginian army slipped out past an unguarded pass

23 Volturnus River

24 Battle of Cannae 216 BCE Hannibal wins the Double Envelopment strategy

25 Fabius the Conctactor Fabius was a patrician and one of Rome’s best generals He was tired of losing to Hannibal and so he came up with a new strategy Solution: What would you do to stop Hannibal??? Fabian Strategy: Delay! You can’t lost to Hannibal if you don’t fight Hannibal! Just let Hannibal use up resources and lose allies until he goes away! Cunctator: Delayer

26 Scipio Takes Command Scipio, a Roman General, is tired of waiting for Hannibal to burn out in Italy Instead, they came up with a way to force Hannibal and his army out of Italy Solution: What should Scipio do???

27 Battle of Zama (202 BCE) Scipio takes the Roman army to attack Carthage This forces Hannibal to return to Carthage to defend the city Scipio blew out horns to scare Hannibal's elephants and they broke formation Scipio wins the battle and the 2nd war is over!

28

29 Third Punic War ( BCE) Roman want to destroy Carthage once and for all with a siege Carthage loses and Rome sacks Carthage and sows the ground with salt so that nothing can ever grow there again

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