1. Early Western Civilization Chapter Three
Ancient Rome
Early Western Civilization
Chapter Three

2. Etruscan Civilization

3. The Etruscans
The Etruscans were a group of people who were from northern Italy.
Italy had been ruled by 7 kings and it is thought that the last 3 were Etruscans.
The Etruscans greatly influenced the city of Rome. They built temples, shops, roads, and homes and influenced other aspects of Roman culture as well.

4. Etruscan Tomb Painting

5. The Apian Way

6. The Founding of Rome
The city of Rome was founded by twin brothers Romulus and Remus in 753 B.C.E.
According to legend they were from a wealthy family and were abandoned by their uncle.
A She-wolf took them in and raised them.
Romulus killed his brother Remus and took control as leader of Rome.

7. The She-Wolf

8. Ancient Rome

9. Social and Political Order

10. Social and Political Order

11. Social and Political Order
Although both groups were Roman citizens, their rights were different.
Both Patricians and Plebians could vote.
Both had the right to make legal contracts, and marry, but intermarriage between the classes was not allowed.
Patricians were the only ones allowed to hold office.

12. Social and Political Order
In the later years of the Republic the Plebians became more powerful.
They created a new assembly (Council of Plebs) in New leaders called Tribunes protected the Plebians. A new law allowed intermarriage.
In 278 B.C.E. the Council received the right to pass laws for all Romans.

13. City of Rome During the Republic Period

14. The Roman Conquest of Italy
In 509 the last Etruscan monarch was overthrown as ruler of Rome and a Republican system of government was initiated.

15. Carthage

16. The Punic Wars
Punic is the Latin word for Phoencian. The Phoencians controlled Carthage in earlier times.
The Romans sent an army to Sicily in order to intervene in a local dispute. The Carthaginians considered this an invasion of their territory.

17. The Punic Wars
241 Carthage gave up all rights to Sicily due to Roman dominance in naval strength.
Hanibal (a Carthaginian) began the second Punic War when he retaliated against Roman attempts to get Spain to invade Carthage.
Hanibal led an army of 30, ,000 men, 6,000 horses and elephants across the Alps and defeated the Romans.

18. The Punic Wars
The Carthaginians, under Hannibal were not successful in maintaining control over Roman cities.
Rome invade Carthage and beat Hannibal and his men. A peace treaty was signed in 201 B.C.E. Carthage lost Spain.
50 years later Rome went to war again and this time Rome destroyed the Carthage in 146 B.C.E. and claimed it as a Roman province called Africa.

19. Roman Conquests in the Mediterranean

20. From Republic to Empire
Tiberius Gracchus represented interests of Rome’s lower class. He served as Tribune.
He wanted to limit the amount of land controlled by the Patricians.
He was assassinated in 132 B.C.E.
His brother Gaius Gracchus continued his brother’s reforms.

21. Gaius Marius
General in the Roman army. He was prominent in the late 2nd century B.C.E.
Civil War breaks out in Rome and Marius seizes Rome in 87 B.C.E. He recruited a private army to support him from landless residents.

22. Sulla
After Marius dies in 87 B.C.E., Sulla seized control of Rome. He institutes a reign of terror that lasts about five years.
Julius Caesar, Marius’ nephew, came to power and instituted liberal policies and social reform.

23. Julius Caesar Conquers Gaul

24. Roman Fort

25. Roman Britain

26. City of Bath- England

27. Roman North Africa- Lepcis Magna

28. Hadrian’s Wall

29. Roman Empire 117 A.D.

30. Octavian a.k.a. Augustus Caesar
Octavian became the first Roman Emperor in 27 B.C.E.
The Senate gave him the title of Augustus which meant revered one.

31. Julius Caesar
In 47 B.C.E. he seized power in Rome and was made dictator. A short time later, in 44 B.C.E. he was given the title dictator for life.
He made land reforms and gave land to the poor.
He increased the Senate to 900 members and then packed it with supporters of his reforms.

32. Julius Caesar
He gave people in the provinces who had helped him, the status of Roman citizen.
He began a number of public works projects and military campaigns in the east.
He was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C.E.

33. Augustus (31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.)
He created a standing army of 150,000 men split into legions of around 5,000 men each.
Only Roman citizens could be legionaries. Subject peoples in the provinces and else where could serve under the legionaries.
Augustus also created the Praetorian guard which were his own personal guards. They numbered about 9,000 men.

34. The Pax Romana
This is a period of peace and prosperity which begins with Augustus and continues for 200 years.
Augustus begins the Julio-Claudian line which ends with Nero.
After Nero there is a civil war and Vespasian becomes emperor.

35. Family Life in the Roman Empire
The family included all household members who lived together.
Father of the family ruled the household
Women had considerable power in their own families and many ran businesses and managed estates.
Ancestor worship was extremely important to the family.

36. Roman Family Life

37. Urban Life- Insula (everyday home)

38. Slavery Slaves made up 1/3 of the Roman population.
Working conditions for slaves in the cities were somewhat better.
Laborers would often be chained together while working in the fields.
Spartacus’ uprising in 73 B.C.E. was the largest slave revolt, but not the only one.

39. The Colosseum

40. Temple of Jupiter (Lebanon)

41. Pompeii Ruins

42. Villa of the Mysteries- Pompeii

43. Pompeii Etruscan town that was conquered by Rome.
At the time of its destruction it had a population of 20,000
A favorite resort of wealthy Romans and Emperors.

44. Pompeii

45. Bath House

46. Basillica of Maxentius

47. The Pantheon 128 A.D. Commissioned by Emperor Hadrin
Started in 118 A.D.
It is a clock of sorts. It tells the time by rays of light hitting the sculptures inside.

48. Questions What is the story of how Rome started?
Twin brothers Romulus and Remus were abanded by their uncle then A She-wolf took them in and raised them. Romulus killed his brother Remus and took control as leader of Rome.
Describe the political and social order in early ancient Rome. Patricians- Claimed to be the descendents of the original senators appointed by the Kings
Only they could be Consuls, other Magistrates, and Aristocratic Governing class
Plebians- non-Patrician, large landowners, less wealthy, and Artisans, Merchants and small farmers
What happened in the Punic Wars?
Phoencians controlled Carthage in earlier times. The Romans sent an army to Sicily, but Carthaginians considered this an invasion of their territory. 241 Carthage gave up all rights to Sicily. Hanibal began the second Punic War when he retaliated against Roman attempts to get Spain to invade Carthage. Hanibal led an army of 30, ,000 men, 6,000 horses and elephants across the Alps and defeated the Romans.
Why was Julius Caesar so important?
In 47 B.C.E. he seized power in Rome and was made dictator, then soon later was made dictator for life. He made land reforms and gave land to the poor. He was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C.E.
Describe Roman Family Life.