1. LINUX ADMINISTRATION

2. UNIT 2 CHAPTER-2 & 3 2

3. CHAPTER 2 : TCP/IP NETWORKING
TCP/IP Explained
TCP/IP is an acronym for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
It is able to send and receive information on the network, each device connected to it must have an address.
Address consists of two parts
the address of the network to which the device is connected
the address of the device itself — its node or host address

4. Understanding Network Classes
All addresses must have two parts, the network part and the node, or host part
NETWORK CLASSES AND THEIR IP NUMBER RANGE

5. Setting Up a Network Interface Card (NIC)
ifconfig command will be shown your current network interface configuration.
Configuring the loopback address (lo)
Add the device by using the ifconfig command
ifconfig lo
You then need to use the route command to give the system a little more information about this interface
route add -net

6. Configuring the network card
 ifconfig eth netmask
broadcast
A file is created in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts called ifcfg- eth0
Configuring an internal network
To add additional computers to your network you need to repeat network device configuration on the other computers you want to add.
Three files need to be modified.
/etc/hosts.conf
/etc/hosts /etc
/resolv.conf
/etc/hosts.conf file contains name Resolver
Ipaddress hostnames
/etc/resolv.conf. file provides nameservers employed to
resolve host names
Servername ipaddress 6

7. Understanding Subnetting
A subnet is a logical grouping of connected network devices.
Interpreting IP numbers
IP numbers can have three possible meanings.
is a Class C network number
is a host address on this network
is the network broadcast address
Classless InterDomain Routing (CIDR)
CIDR was invented several years ago to keep the
Internet from running out of IP addresses.
The class system of allocating IP addresses can be very wasteful.
Anyone who could reasonably show a need for more than 254 host addresses was given a Class B address block of 65,533 host addresses. 7

8. solution on scarcity of ipaddress on internet
In 1992 as a scheme called supernetting. Was the
solution on scarcity of ipaddress on internet
Under CIDR, the subnet mask notation is reduced to simplified shorthand.
Instead of spelling out the bits of the subnet mask
the number of 1s bits that start the mask are simply listed
 , Subnet Mask
the network address is written simply as:
 /22 8

9. NETWORK INTERFACE CONFIGURATION NETWORK ROUTING CONFIGURATION
Gateways and Routers
This router that is connected to each network is called its gateway.
All current Linux distributions have IP Forwarding compiled as a module, so all you need to do is make sure the module is loaded.
cat /proc/sys/net.ipv4/ip_forwrd.
1 is returned  it is enabled
0 is returned  it is not enabled
To enable IP forwarding
echo ‚0‛ > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
NETWORK INTERFACE CONFIGURATION
Interface IP Address Netmask
NETWORK ROUTING CONFIGURATION
Destination Gateway Mask Interface

10. Configuring Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
You can have an IP address and the other information automatically assigned to the hosts connected to your network.
By using DHCP, you can ensure that every host on your network has a valid IP address, subnet mask, broadcast address, and gateway, with minimum effort on your part.
You should have a DHCP server configured for each of your subnets.
Each host on the subnet needs to be configured as a
DHCP client.

11. Setting up the server file dhcp-2.0pl5-1.i386.rpm
rpm command from a command prompt to install it.
DHCP server is controlled by the text file
/etc/dhcpd.conf.
start it by running the command dhcpcd.
Each of your clients will now receive its IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and broadcast address from your dhcp server.
place it in the /etc/rc.local file. Now whenever the system starts, this daemon will be loaded.

12. CHAPTER 3 : THE NETWORK FILE SYSTEM
NFS, the Network File System, is the most common method for providing file sharing services on Linux and Unix networks.
Understanding NFS
NFS uses a standard client/server architecture
The server portion consists of the physical disks containing shared file systems
It is visible to and available for use by client systems
on the network

14. NFS advantages NFS disadvantages
NFS provides is centralized administration
It is much easier
Easy to back up a file system stored on a server
NFS disadvantages
Poor performance and security
NFS is sensitive to network congestion
constantly being probed and attacked
running slowly because disk reads and writes take longer

15. Server side configuration
Configuring an NFS Server
Configuring an NFS Server And client Server side configuration
Server side configuration
Edit /etc/exports file
1. /home/redhat / (rw)
2. Service nfs restart
Client side configuration
Mount –t nfs siddhesh:/home/redhat/
/root/Desktop/sharingTest
Cd /root/Desktop/sharingTest

16. Nfs files rpcinfo’s output shows the RPC program‘s details
exportfs command enables you to manipulate the list of available exports.
showmount command queries the mount daemon, mountd, about the status of the NFS server
rpcinfo -p to make sure the necessary daemons are running
nfsstat command which prints the kernel‘s NFS
statistics 16

17. THANK YOU 17