1. The Big Three

2. A Window Example:
Aperture is the size of the window. If it’s bigger more light gets through and the room is brighter.

3. A Window Example:
Shutter Speed is the amount of time you leave the window open. The longer you leave them open the more light comes in.

4. A Window Example:
ISO is the sensitivity to light of the person inside the room. If they are wearing sunglasses (low ISO) it will take more light for them to see the image then if they are staring at it wide-eyed (high ISO).

5. The Exposure Triangle

6. Shutter Speed The length of time that the shutter remains open.
Each progression represents half as much light.
Common shutter settings: 1 second, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, and 1/2000 second.

7. Focal Plane Door Sample

8. Leaf Shutter Example

9. Fast Shutter Speed ADVANTAGES
Reduces blurriness as image is ‘seen’ only briefly
Freeze Fast Motion
Great for sports events.
DISADVANTAGES
Less time for light to enter camera
Requires bright conditions

10. Fast Shutter Speed Sample

11. Fast Shutter Speed Sample

12. Slow Shutter Speed ADVANTAGES Great for Darker Conditions
Soften Consistent Motion
DISADVANTAGES
Increased chance for bluriness
Often requires Tripod

13. Slow Shutter Speed Sample

14. Slow Shutter Speed Sample

15. Slow Shutter Speed Sample

16. Slow Shutter Speed Sample
More:

17. Side By Side Shutter Speed

18. Side By Side Shutter Speed

19. Shutter Speed Assignment
Using Manual Shutter Speed Settings take one picture each
of the following:
a)Freeze Fast Motion b)Same motion but blurry
Soften or Purposefully Blur Consistent/Constant Motion
Add Motion to moving subject with blurry Background
Stationary subject with blurry background
One Additional Creative Use of Shutter Speed
* Number pictures as listed above
* Include shutter speed settings in title
* Example Title: “1a Fast Motion 1/125”

20. The Big Three

21. F~What?!? Camera Aperture The size of the opening that lets light in
Also Called F-Stop
F = Fractional opening relative to lens length

22. Nonsense Numbers?!? F-Stop Numbering
Common Stops: f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22
Small Numbers = Wide Opening
Large Numbers = Narrow Opening
Wide Opening = Short/Shallow Depth of Field
Narrow Opening = Long/Deep Depth of Field
Small Number = Shallow (small) Depth of Field
Large Number = Deep (Large) Depth of Field
Confused Yet, No Worries Me Too…

23. F-Stop Visual Basics

24. F-Stop Visual Basics Portrait Landscape Shallow Depth of Field
Deep Depth of Field

25. Depth and Defocus Blur
sensor
lens
plane of focus
circle of confusion
subject
rays from point in focus converge to single pixel
defocus blur depends on distance from plane of focus

26. Depth and Defocus Blur aperture defocus blur depends on aperture size
sensor
lens
plane of focus
aperture
circle of confusion
subject
defocus blur depends on aperture size

27. Narrow Apertures Usage
Advantages
Gives Deep Depth of Field
Shows complete scene
Landscape Photography
Disadvantages
Requires more Light
May require longer Shutter Speed
Increases chance for blur

28. Wide Apertures Usage Advantages Disadvantages Less Light Required
Allows for Faster Shutter Speed
Give focus to objects on focal
plane
Disadvantages
Shallow DOF
Can produced Washed-out, Over lit images

29. Aperture Side-By-Sides

30. Aperture Side-By-Sides

31. Aperture Side-By-Sides

32. Lens Length The “X” Factor
Depth of field is dependent on Lens Length
F-Stop is a “Fraction” of lens length
The longer the lens the more room the light rays have to get off-track
Zoom usually results in reduced DOF
DOF Calculations
DOF is generally 1/3 in front of and 2/3 behind focal plane.
Numerous Online Calculators:

33. Aperture Pictures Using Manual Aperture Settings take one picture each
of the following:
A Landscape photo with deep depth of field
A Mid-Shot Portrait with (a) shallow DOF (b) Deep DOF
A macro CU with Shallow DOF
A posed Portrait with initial foreground blurry, shallow DOF, far background blurry
* Number pictures as listed above
* Include Aperture settings in title
* Example Title: “2a Shallow DOF f22”

34. ISO What is ISO Terminology The sensitivity of the sensor to light
Low=Slow, High=Fast
Slow
Fast

35. More ISO
Refer to Class handout for more information regarding ISO.

36. ISO Pictures
By Adjusting the ISO settings take 3 shots of each of the following subjects
A Landscape photo (Slow ISO, Med ISO, Fast ISO)
A Mid-Shot Portrait (Slow ISO, Med ISO, Fast ISO)
A ECU (Slow ISO, Med ISO, Fast ISO)
* Number pictures and name pictures as listed above