1. Evaluation synthesis and food security
Howard White and Gavin Stewart
CEO, Campbell Collaboration and co-Chair of proposed Campbell Food Security Group
@campbellreviews @HowardNWhite

2. The global food security challenge
Science 327, 812 (2010);

5. Solutions Enhanced productivity Smart consumption Yields
Nutritional content (biofortification)
Smart consumption
Avoid waste
Cook and eat more smartly

6. Is there any evidence on food waste in Africa and other developing regions?
And what policies are effective in reducing waste?

7. Eating smartly

8. But how to promote smart eating?
People aren’t eating fruit and vegetables anyway
Public health messaging doesn’t work
People slow to adopt changes in benefits not readily apparent
Dietary preferences are sticky
Need to bring about culture shift e.g. sugar as the new tobacco
Need evidence of what works

9. Increasing yields and nutritional content

10. The funnel of attrition
Why projects fail
The funnel of attrition
Far fewer people, know about, participate in, and benefit from projects than project planners expect (and they don’t seem to learn!)

11. The funnel of attrition
Only these people may experience improved outcomes

12. Factors in the funnel for biofortified crops 1: adoption
Lack of awareness
Risk averse:
Don’t suit local ecological conditions / Varieties not drought resistant
Need to buy inputs (extra costs not offset by extra revenue) and what will happen to price / availability
More demanding crop management
No market (see consumption slide)

13. Factors in the funnel for biofortified crops 2: consumption
No or poor marketing channels
Dietary preferences are sticky (colour, taste, texture etc.)
Don’t know how to prepare

14. Factors in the funnel for biofortified crops 3: technical
Mineral content of crops
Zinc in wheat, maize and rice: in Africa prevalence zinc deficiency around 50%, increases risk diarrhoea, pneumonia and malaria. But by how much does application zinc to crops increase their zinc content?
Bioavailability of minerals
Any what is bio-availability of zinc in fortified crops (ranges )
Affected by storage and preparation

15. This evidence needs to be sifted to help produce country specific guidelines on what crops and production practices to promote and how to best do it, and best practice on promoting good dietary habits.
Campbell is starting a Food Security Group and welcomes the participation of ICED and others in achieving this goal

16. Visit www.campbellcollaboration.org Sign up for our newsletter
Thank you
Visit
Sign up for our newsletter
Photos courtesy of Getty Images