1. Dependent Phrases and Clauses
2.8-9

2. Warm-Up
Thomas Jefferson wrote, “Determine never to be idle It is wonderful how much may be done if we are always doing.” Do we accomplish more if we are always doing something, or does inactivity also serve a purpose? Take a position on this issue. Use reasons and specific examples to support your ideas.
What is the debate in this prompt?
Re-write the debate in your own words

3. Brainstorm
Do we accomplish more if we are always doing something, or does inactivity also serve a purpose? Always Doing Being Still

4. Create a Thesis and a Counter Claim
Use your reasons to draft a thesis statement: I believe __________________ because ____, ______, and _________.
Use one of your reasons for the other side to write a counterclaim: Some may argue that _____________ because _______________.

5. AIR– 15 Minutes Clear all devices and distractions from your desk
Begin reading your selection

6. Complete Today’s Reading Log
Fill In Today’s Reading Log
Put the Date
The Pages Read
Talk about characters, the problem, interesting events, setting, predictions, questions you have, connections to your life, etc.
When Finished, Take Out Paper for Notes

7. Notes

8. Sentence Structure: Dependent Clause
A dependent clause contains a subject and verb, but the clause cannot stand independently.
Dependent clauses can often be identified by the use of dependent clause markers.
Some dependent clause markers:
because
since
when
while
until if as
though
although
unless
after
before
once
whether
Key Concepts: This slide explains the definition of a dependent clause. The dependent clause markers can help writers identify clauses that cannot stand alone within a sentence.

9. Sentence Structure: Dependent Phrases & Clauses
Dependent phrases and clauses help to clarify and add detail to an independent clause.
Dependent clauses may appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence.
Key Concepts: This slide further clarifies the role of dependent phrases and clauses within a sentence.

10. Sentence Structure: Introductory Clause
When a dependent clause is placed at the beginning of a sentence, place a comma between the independent clause and the dependent clause.
Dep. clause S V
Before he took the test, Dan struggled with
Conj S V
his homework, so his father helped him.
Key Concepts: An introductory clause is a dependent clause located at the beginning of a sentence. After an introductory clause, a comma is needed to distinguish it from the independent clause.
Activity: The facilitator may choose to ask students to identify the independent and dependent clauses, the subjects, the verbs, and the dependent clause marker in the sample sentence.

11. Introductory Clause
Where would you place the comma in the following example?
S V
Because it was raining we decided to go to the movies.
Activity: This interactive slide invites participants to place commas after the introductory clauses in each sentence. Again, the facilitator may ask students to identify the parts of speech in the example.

12. Introductory Clause
Where would you place the comma in the following example?
Introductory clause S V
Because it was raining, we decided to go to the movies.

13. Dependent Clause
When a dependent clause is located after an independent clause, Do not place a comma between the two. S V We decided to go to the movies because we were bored.
Activity: When a dependent clause follows an independent clause, commas are not used. Facilitators may choose to ask students to identify the parts of speech in the example.

14. Review Write Dependent or Independent for Each Underlined Clause
The teacher who lives next door to Rob is Mrs. Johnson.
Our dog will run away if the gate is left open.
Because the storm knocked out the power, school will be canceled on Thursday.
This is the homework assignment that you missed last week

15. One More Time
Write Dependent or Independent for Each Underlined Clause
The movie was good although it was too long.
Victoria heard what her sister said, but she ignored it.
The moon shone on the ocean while the whales rose to the surface.
At the end of his class, Jim walked to his locker where the coach was waiting.

16. Sentence Structure: Essential Phrases and Clauses
An essential clause or phrase is used to modify a noun.
It also adds information that is critical to the meaning of the sentence.
Essential clauses are NOT set off by commas.
S essential phrase V
The people who work in my office are loud.
Key Concepts: This slide leads off a section about essential and non-essential phrases and clauses. Essential phrases and clauses—elements that add critical information to the meaning of a sentence—do not have commas placed around them. For the slide example: Without the essential phrase, this sentence does not make complete sense : The people are loud! While the sentence is grammatically correct, we don’t know about the people being discussed.

17. Sentence Structure: Essential Phrases and Clauses
The word “that” is almost always an indicator of an essential phrase or clause.
S essential V
The tiramisu that I had at Joe’s was great.
Key Concept: The word “that” almost always indicates an essential phrase or clause.

18. Sentence Structure: Nonessential Phrases & Clauses
A nonessential phrase or clause adds extra information to a sentence.
This information can be eliminated from the sentence without jeopardizing the meaning of the sentence.
Always place commas around nonessential phrases and clauses.
Key Concepts: This slide illustrates the difference between essential and nonessential elements. While commas should not be placed around essential phrases and clauses, they should be placed around nonessential phrases and clauses.

19. Sentence Structure: Nonessential Phrases & Clauses
Even without the phrase the sentence still makes sense: My brother plans to throw a party.
S non-essential V
My brother, who lives across town, plans to throw a party.
Example: Nonessential phrases and clauses can be removed from sentences without jeopardizing the overall meaning of a sentence. In this example, “who lives across town” is superfluous information; it is not critical to the main message of the sentence—the woman’s brother will throw a party for her.

20. Sentence Structure: Nonessential Phrases & Clauses
Use commas to set off additional information.
S V
Steve said that he would propose to me on
non-essential
Valentine’s Day, which is my favorite holiday.
Example: This slide provides another example illustrating the placement of a nonessential phrase within a sentence. At the end of a sentence, the nonessential element should have a comma placed before it and a period after it. The facilitator may wish to stress that “which” often, but not always, indicates a nonessential phrase or clause.

21. Exit