1. HEARING AND THE OTHER SENSES

2. Sound Auditory – having to do with hearing
Sound - A wave which is created by vibrating objects and transmitted through a medium from one location to another.

3. Pitch
Frequency – number of cycles per second as expressed in the unit Hertz.
Hertz – A unit expressing the frequency of sound waves. One Hertz, or 1Hz, equals one cycle per second.

4. Pitch
The greater the number of cycles per second, the higher the pitch.

5. The greater the number of cycles per second, the higher the pitch.

6. Loudness Amplitude – height
The higher the amplitude of a wave, the louder the sound.
Decibel – A unit expressing the loudness of a sound. Abbreviated dB.

8. Highest Frequency? Loudest? Highest Amplitude? Highest Pitch?B. C.

11. Balance
The body’s sense of balance is regulated by the vestibular system inside the inner ear.
Its prominent feature is the three semicircular canals.
The stimuli for vestibular responses include movements such as spinning, falling, and tilting the body or head.

13. How Does Sound Move Through the Ear?
VIDEO: GATEWAYS TO THE MIND!

15. SENSORYNEURAL DEAFNESS STIMULATION DEAFNESS
Types of Deafness
CONDUCTION DEAFNESS
SENSORYNEURAL DEAFNESS
STIMULATION DEAFNESS

16. Conduction Deafness
Caused by the failure of the three tiny bones inside the middle ear to pass along sound waves to the inner ear or the failure of the eardrum to vibrate in response to sound waves
Possible cause is a build-up of fluid
Hearing aids
Normal hearing may return.

17. Sensory-Neural Deafness
Damage to the inner ear. Most often caused by loss of hair cells that will not regenerate.
Damage to the auditory nerve.
Cochlear implants can help patients with this form of deafness.

18. Stimulation Deafness Exposure to very loud sounds
Prolonged exposure to 85 dB can cause stimulation loss.
Ringing sound can mean hair cells have been damaged

19. The two chemical senses
Smell
The two chemical senses
Taste

20. Thinking, and Singing, of Smell
The nose knows!
Thinking, and Singing, of Smell

21. Articles: “Fragrances Enhance Emotion, Chemistry” et. al.

23. Sensations are created by chemical reactions on your taste buds
Taste is heavily influenced by smell – this is called sensory interaction

24. (I T.O.T.T. you about flavor) Study: Tastes Form in Infancy
What's going on?
TASTE QUALITIES
(taste is a bunch of B S’s!)
Bitter
Sour
Salty
Sweet
FLAVOR DEPENDS ON…
Temperature
Odor
Texture
Taste
(I T.O.T.T. you about flavor)
Study: Tastes Form in Infancy

25. Touch and Pressure
Sensory receptors located around the roots of hair cells fire when surface of skin is touched.
There are at least 6 basic types of touch receptors in your skin.
One for hot, cold, pain, pressure, touch, and fine touch.

26. SKIN SENSES Touch Pressure Warmth Cold Pain
*Vision is usually the most dominant of the senses*
Touch
Pressure
Warmth
Cold
Pain

27. TOUCH & PRESSURE
Two-Point Threshold – to assess sensitivity to pressure –
The least distance by which two rods touching the skin must be separated before the subject will report that there are two rods, not one, on 50% of occasions
Most sensitive – fingertips, lips, noses and cheeks
1. nerve endings are more densely packed in the fingertips and face than in other locations
2. a greater amount of sensory cortex is devoted to the perception of sensations in the fingertips and face

28. TEMPERATURE
Warm & Cold receptors – they adapt and sometimes they fire simultaneously
PAIN
*Pain is a signal that something is wrong with the body* NO KIDDING!
*Originates at the point of contact*
*Release of various chemicals – prostaglandins, bradykinin, P*
*Inflammation attracts infection-fighting blood cells*

29. GATE THEORY – pain messengers can’t get through
ENDORPHINS – Bodies natural pain killers (Chapter 2 page 47)
ACUPUNCTURE – ancient procedures/releasing endorphins
PLACEBO – bogus treatment
PAIN MANAGEMENT
Accurate Information
Distraction & Fantasy
Hypnosis
Relaxation Training
Coping with Irrational Beliefs

30. KINESTHESIS – The sense that informs us about the positions and motion of parts of our bodies
VESTIBULAR SENSE – The sense of equilibrium that informs us about our bodies’ positions relative to gravity