1. Warm-Up: 1.) Who was the founder of Judaism?
2.) Which Italian artist was known as a “Renaissance Man?”
3.) What did Martin Luther nail to the church door in Wittenberg?
4.) Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world?
5.) What was the name of the three Islamic kingdoms of Africa which helped to establish the Triangular Trade System and the slave trade?
6.) Which absolute monarch wanted to “westernize” Russia?
7.) Who discovered that the heart acts like a pump?
8.) Which French philosopher believed that the government should be divided into three separate branches?

2. Storming of the Bastille
After Louis VXI placed troops outside of Versailles as a result of the formation of the National Assembly and the actions of Tennis Court Oath, rumors began to fly…
People thought Louis XVI was going to use military force to dismiss the National Assembly
Others thought the troops were going to massacre the French citizens in Paris
The people began to gather weapons to defend the city
Remember, they are poor and have no weapons…
On July 14, 1789 a mob searching for gunpowder and arms stormed the Bastille (a Paris prison)

3. Storming of the Bastille (cont’d)
Great symbolic act of revolution
Hacked the commander and guards to death and paraded their heads on sticks around Paris

4. Declaration of Rights of Men
Document which promoted Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas
Adopted by the National Assembly
Stated that men are born FREE and are EQUAL in rights
Guaranteed citizens EQUAL justice, freedom of SPEECH, and freedom of RELIGION

5. The Royal Family
After the National Assembly’s reformation of the French government (remember the Tennis Court Oath?), Louis XIV and his family try to flee to Austria
They were stopped just before the border and returned to Paris, where they were put under house arrest

6. The New Government
Remember, the National Assembly created a new constitution and government, which included a…
LIMITED Monarchy
Louis was dismissed from the throne and had NO MORE absolute power
New LEGISLATIVE body – Legislative Assembly
Had power to create laws and to approve or reject declarations of war
King (but not Louis!) still had the power to enforce laws

7. Prussia and Austria
Fearing of what was happening in France would happen in their countries, Prussia and Austria urged France to restore Louis XVI to power
As a result, France declared war in April 1792
Prussians threatened to destroy Paris if the revolutionaries harmed the royal family
This pushed the Parisians to storm the palace and massacre the royal guards, imprisoning the royal family

8. Prussia and Austria (cont’d)
With the fear of rebels loyal to the king, the National Assembly set aside the newly created constitution and created a new governing body known as the National Convention
It completely abolished the monarchy and now made France a Republic

9. The Jacobins
During this period of time, a radical political organization called the Jacobins came to power
Many of the members were responsible for the drastic changes in the French government (from limited monarchy to republic)
Made Louis XVI a prisoner and tried him for treason
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette both were sentenced to death by the guillotine

10. Maximilien Robespierre
Some people became extremely upset by the execution of the king and queen, as well as the violent riots and mobs in Paris
Rival groups to the Jacobins were starting to rebel as well
Jacobin leader, Maximilien Robespierre, gained power in France in order to control the revolution
Wanted to wipe out France’s past and start over fresh

11. The Reign of Terror Robespierre governed France as a dictator
His reign became known as The Reign of Terror
Robespierre and his people worked to eliminate any threats
Tried people in the morning and guillotined them in the afternoon
Rivals of Robespierre…many who had helped to start and lead the revolution
Almost 40,000 people were killed

12. The End of Terror
The National Convention had enough with Robespierre and his violence and he was executed in 1794
As a result, a third government since King Louis XVI’s reign was established
Power was placed in the hands of the upper middle class (Bourgeoisie)
Two house legislature and an executive body of five men
Even though the government was corrupt, it gave the country order
Employed an excellent general to command the armies named Napoleon Bonaparte