1. INTRODUCTION TO FOREIGN POLICY
SSA 2024 : FPA & IR
INTRODUCTION TO FOREIGN POLICY

2. Define FP
Objectives of FP
identify other related components of foreign policy.

3. What is foreign policy?
“decisive actions involve to some appreciable extent relations between one state and the others” (Frankel, 1980)

4. What is foreign policy?
“systematic decisions-making by constitutionally authorized officials or individual states” (Rosenau, 1978)

5. strategies use to guide gov action in the international arena.
What is foreign policy?
strategies use to guide gov action in the international arena.

6. Behavior of a state towards other states

7. “FP is the key element in the process by which a state translates its broadly conceived goals and interests into concrete course of action to attain these objectives and preserve interests” (Lincolin, 2011)

8. Action of a state
External environment
National interest

9. WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS?
“collective interactions of the international community, includes nation-states, inter-governmental organisations such as the UN, Non-governmental Organisations, etc. (Baylis, 2005)

10. 1. FPA & IR have the same objective: explaining world politics
HOW ARE IR & FPA CONNECTED?
1. FPA & IR have the same objective: explaining world politics

11. 2. in understanding world politics, the real action lies with FPA
HOW ARE IR & FPA CONNECTED?
2. in understanding world politics, the real action lies with FPA

12. LEVEL OF ANALYSIS: EXPLAINING STATE BEHAVIOR
Individual
Legislature
Bureaucracy
National
International

13. President, Prime Minister, Foreign minister
Individual
President, Prime Minister, Foreign minister

14. Legislature Decision-making organization
Power to enact, amend, repeal law
E.g: Parliament or congress

15. Administrative policy-making Group Specialization in functions
Bureaucracy
Administrative policy-making
Group
Specialization in functions

16. Interest group/pressure group
National
Interest group/pressure group

17. External environment International issues/event

18. WHY FP?
Protects unity & integrity of a country

19. Defends the interest of citizens
WHY FP?
Defends the interest of citizens

20. Protects interest of citizens beyond borders
WHY FP?
Protects interest of citizens beyond borders

21. Maintain contacts and develop good relations with all other states
WHY FP?
Maintain contacts and develop good relations with all other states

22. WHO MAKES FP? 1. Ruling elite 2. Public opinion 3. Pressure groups
4. Cabinet
5. Foreign ministry

23. The concentric circles of power in foreign policy making (in the case of US)
A: President & key Advisers
B: Lower-Level
Bureaucratic (armed service &scientists)
C: Congress, Pol. Parties, Interest Groups
D: Public opinion (polls) & Media D B C A

24. MAKING FP Size, wealth, demographic FP decisions
Populations, natural resources, technology
State’s political cultural, history
3 approaches:

25. TOOLS OF FP Information and intelligence gathering
AND INFORMATION
Information and intelligence gathering
Dissemination of information, analysis, and ideas
Dissemination of propaganda and misinformation

26. DIPLOMACY Cultural and scientific exchanges diplomatic recognition
Joining or withdrawing from negotiations
Offering or joining alliances

27. AID, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, TRADE
humanitarian aids, professional assistance
Economic and trade sanctions, trade relations

28. MILITARY INFLUENCE, POWER, FORCE
Security pacts, military alliances
Blockades, armed intervention
War

29. CONCLUSION
foreign policy - set of principles that define the objectives a given state pursues in the international arena, in the process of its interactions with other international actors.
range of actions taken by various sections of government of a state in its relations with other bodies or states - to advance the national interests of a state.

30. How would you define Foreign policy?