1. Phasing out of CFC refrigerants in India
Speaker
Mrs. Jyoti S. Jadhav

2. The Real Alarm 1974- Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland
Nobel prize (1995)
The Real Alarm

3. Earlier refrigerants Natural ice Salt + Water Ether Ammonia
Sulphur dioxide
Methyl chloride
Carbon dioxide
Air
Earlier refrigerants

4. Problems with early refrigerants
Toxicity (Ethers, ammonia)
Flammability (Hydrocarbons)
Material Compatibility( Ammonia)
Chemical stability (SO2)
Operating pressures (CO2)
Limited temperature range
Problems with early refrigerants

5. CFC refrigerants Thomas Midgley of Du Pont, USA Boom in RAC industry
1920
CFC refrigerants

6. Earth’s Atmosphere

7. UV radiations

8. Ozone Depletion What is ozone? Where is the “ozone layer”
Keeps out about 95% of UV rays

10. Consumption of ODS in India
Sl. No. Sector Chemical Used
1. Foam CFC-11, HCFC-141b
2. RAC CFC-11, CFC-12,
HCFC-22,HCFC-123
3. Aerosol CFC-11, CFC-12
4. Solvent Methyl
Chloroform, CFC-113
5. Fire Halon – 1211
Extinguishers Halon – 1301

11. India and Montreal Protocol
Joined on 17 Sep. 1992
Is an Article 5 country, along with 146 other countries (less than 0.3 kg. per capita ODS consumption)
India and Montreal Protocol

12. Phase-out Schedule as per Montreal Protocol
Ozone-depleting
substance
Developed
Countries
Developing
Total Phase-out by 1st January of the year
CFCs
1996
2010
Halons
1994
HBFCs
CTC
Methyl Chloroform
2015
Methyl Bromide
2005
HCFCs
2030
2040

13. CFC phase out schedule for India

14. India’s Initiatives towards ODS Phase-Out

15. ODS Alternatives Sub-sector Application Alternative Technology
Domestic Refrigeration
Household
Refrigerators
And Freezers
HFC-134a,HFC-152a,Blends and mixtures,
Hydrocarbons (for refrigerants) and HCFC-22, HCFC b, HCFC-141b, Hydrocarbons for foaming)
Commercial Refrigeration
Refrigerated Cabinets
Water Coolers
Ice-candy machines
Walk-in coolers
HFC-134a,HFC-152a,Blends and mixtures, Hydrocarbons (for refrigerants) and HCFC-22, HCFC b, Hydrocarbons (for foaming)
HCFC-22, HFC-134a
FCFC-22,HFC-134a (refrigerants) and HCFC-14b (foaming)
Industrial Refrigeration
Cold Storages
Process Chillers
HCFC-22,HFC-134a, Ammonia
Transport Refrigeration
Perishable Transport
HCFC-22, HFC-134a, Blends and mixtures
Air Conditioning
Chillers Automotive air conditioning
HCFC-123,HFC-134a,HCFC-22
HFC-134a, Blends and mixtures

16. Thank you…………..