1. Internet –Terminology and Summary
Miss O’Grady
YR 10 IST

2. What is the Internet?
An interconnected network of thousands of networks
Links academic, research, government, and commercial institutions
Connects computers to about every country in the world.
Growing too fast to measure its growth
Too decentralized to quantify
A network with no hard boundaries

3. WWW
Chat
File
Sharing
Games
Music
Downloading
Files E-
Commerce
News
Groups
Research

4. ARPANET Pioneers Build an Unreliable Network ... on Purpose
The Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork (ARPANET) is the predecessor to the Internet:
Developed at the request of the Department of Defence by a team of visionary computer scientists
Launched in 1969
Its peer-to-peer networking philosophy and protocols were copied in other networks in the 1980s
Disbanded in 1990, having fulfilled its research mission, but its technology spawned the Internet

5. Intranets and Extranets
Intranets: A private network or group of networks that are permanently connected and use the protocols of the internet and WWW.
Extranets: Private TCP/IP networks designed for outside use by customers, clients, and business partners of the organization which owns the extranet. ( An intranet that is accessible from locations outside of the physical intranet)

6. Internet Protocols
Protocols are agreed sets of rules that enable and control transfer between computers.
TCP/IP-Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol- allows cross-network communication
FTP- File Transfer Protocol -allows users to transfer files
SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
HHTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
POP – Post Office Protocol

7. Packet Switching
A message is divided into separate packets to send over the internet, and is rejoined at the receiving end.
Router- A device that connects two or more networks together. It looks data packets coming in, and determines which network to send them out to.

8. Packet Switching

9. TCP breaks messages into packets
Each packet has all the information needed to travel from network to network
Host systems called routers determine how to route transmissions
IP is the address for the packets
Each Internet host computer has a unique IP address
Each address is comprised of four sets of numbers separated by periods, such as

10. Internet Access Options
Dialup Connection
Limited connection using a modem
Full access dialup uses SLIP or PPP via modem
Direct (Dedicated) Connection
Computer has its own IP address and is attached to a LAN
No need to dial up
Broadband Connections
DSL Service
Newer, faster, and cheaper than ISDN
Can share phone line with voice traffic
Cable Modem Connection
Allows Internet connections using shared TV cables
Can exceed DSL speeds
Carries increased privacy and security risks

11. Internet Access Options
Satellite Connection
Provides connection using DirecTV
satellite dishes
Wireless Broadband Connection
Allows multiple computers to connect to a
base station using short-range radio waves.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Local ISPs provide connections through local telephone lines
National ISPs offer connections on a nationwide scale
We recommend viewing “Internet Service Providers (ISPs)" (PH_04_23.swf) here. You can find this media asset on the Instructor Resource Center CD-ROM or online at

12. Internet Servers
server acts like a local post office for a particular Internet host—a business, an organization, or an ISP
File servers are common within LANs
Also used to share programs, media files, and other data across the Internet
Application server stores applications—PC office applications, databases, or other applications
Makes them available to client programs that request them
Might be housed at an application service provider (ASP), a company that manages and delivers application services on a contract basis
Web server stores Web pages and sends pages to client Web browsers

13. Controlling Access to information on the Web
Firewall -something that monitors all data communications and filters any data that it determines dangerous. Firewalls can be physical devices that are typically located between a router and a network switch (e.g.. corporate networks), or they can be software that runs on a computer (e.g.. home users).
Cookie – small pieces of code that allow web authors to interrogate an end user’s computer (e.g. a cookie may keep track of how often a user visits a website. It allows personalized content to be sent to the end user.
Proxy Server – can serve many purposes
Act as an intermediary between a company’s network and the Internet (hides true address of workstations within company)
Cache frequently visited web pages locally. This works well with static pages, but not dynamic pages like search engines

14. Internet Security Internet Threats
Virus a small program created to cause problems on network or PC
Hackers – people who try to hack into other’s computers
Viruses, Worms and Trojan Horses
Spy ware software gathers information about you and your family from your computer habits, and allows spamming companies to target s and adware to you that better suit your shopping needs.
Adware
Illegal or Inappropriate content
Delivery Suggestions:
Student Handout: InternetSecurity_001.pdf; InternetSecurity_002.pdf
The internet is open, accessible and everywhere. At the same time, there are no governing standards or entities to control content or security on the internet. This has resulted in poor security and many thousands of viruses proliferating the world wide web (some estimates indicate over 60,000 viruses are active on the web). For users to safely navigate the web without their computer becoming infected anti-viruses software is mandatory, and firewalls are strongly recommended.
Follow the instructions under the Internet Security: Information Protection and Virus Protection topics in the Teacher’s Resource Guide.
Have the students brainstorm the types of information that needs to be protected from hackers. The following points provide some guidelines:
Home Users
Bank account details
Credit card details (especially in relation to online purchases)
Online banking passwords
Telephone and address (to protect against stalkers)
Calendar with holidays scheduled in (vacant house for burglars)
Car registration and vehicle identification (for false sale purposes)
Birthdays and nicknames (to guess passwords)
account (to prevent targeting by spam and adware)
Businesses
Bank account details, etc.
Intellectual property such as patents (especially those that have not yet been filed)
Copyright protected property
Customer databases (to prevent competitors targeting them)
Cost information
Financial status (related to disclosure laws for publicly traded companies)
Software controls for equipment (see NASA case study)

15. Internet Software
Browser Software- web browsers provide a graphical user interface to the resources available on the Internet.
Authoring Software
Simple – plain text editor using HTML ( need knowledge of HTML)
WYSIWYG – e.g. Macromedia Front page or Dreamweaver
HTML – Hypertext Markup Language

16. Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet
The Evolving Internet
Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet
Internet2 was launched by the government and various corporations in 1998 to provide faster network communications for universities and research institutions.
Next Generation Internet (NGI) will consist of a nationwide web of optical fiber integrated with intelligent management software to maintain high-speed connections.

17. Internet Issues: Ethical and Political Dilemmas
Filtering software to combat inappropriate content
Digital cash to make online transactions easier and safer
Encryption software to prevent credit card theft
Digital signatures to prevent forgery
Access and Censorship
The Digital Divide

18. Lesson Summary
The Internet is a network of networks that connects all kinds of computers around the globe and uses standard protocols to allow Internet communication to occur
No single organization owns or controls the Internet
You can connect to the Internet in several ways that provide different degrees of access to Internet services
The Web uses a set of protocols to make a variety of Internet services and multimedia documents available to users through a simple point-and-click interface