1. CHAPTER 3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS Part B
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
Human Biology
Concepts and Current Issues
Second Edition
MICHAEL D. JOHNSON
CHAPTER 3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS Part B
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

2. Structure and Function of the Nucleus
Functions:
Contains the genetic information of the cell
Controls the cell
Structural features:
Double-layered nuclear membrane
Nuclear pores
Chromosomes/chromatin
Nucleolus

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Ribosomes
Ribosomes: used in protein assembly
Free and membrane bound
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): packages the proteins
Smooth ER: no ribosomes, lipid synthesis
Rough ER: has ribosomes, protein manufacture

4. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Ribosome
Figure 3.15

5. Golgi Apparatus Receives substances from ER, refines and packages them
Figure 3.16

6. Vesicles Ship and Store Cellular Products
Vesicles: storage, secretory membrane-bound spheres
Examples: secretory, endocytic, peroxisomes, lysosomes
Figure 3.17

7. Mitochondria: Provide Energy to the Cell
Double membrane: inner membrane contains enzymes that break down foods
Liberated energy used to create ATP
Figure 3.18A

8. Energy Storage Fat: triglycerides, long-term energy storage in animals
Glycogen: short-term energy storage in animals, carbohydrate storage

9. Cytoskeleton Supports the Cell
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Figure 3.19

10. Cell Structures for Support and Movement: Cilia, Flagella, Centrioles
Cilia and flagella: movement
9 + 2 microtubule arrangement
Centrioles: used in cell division
Figure 3.20

11. Cells Use and Transform Matter and Energy: Two Basic Metabolic Pathways
Anabolism: requires enzymes
Making/assembling large molecules
May require energy (ATP)
Used in building up cell components
Used in storing energy

12. Cells Use and Transform Matter and Energy: Two Basic Metabolic Pathways
Catabolism: requires enzymes
Breakdown of molecules
May release energy
Used in breaking down nutrients/recycling cell components
Used to access energy storage

13. Cellular Respiration: Cells Use Oxygen to Supply ATP
Glucose provides energy for the cell
Figure 3.22

14. Three Stages of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis: in cytoplasm
Split glucose
Produce 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules
Krebs cycle: in mitochondria
Extract high energy electrons
Produce 2 ATP and carbon dioxide
Electron transport system: in mitochondria
Energy from electrons used to produce ATP
Produce water and carbon dioxide

15. Three Stages of Cellular Respiration
Figure 3.23

16. Steps in the Electron Transport System
Figure 3.24

17. Fats and Proteins: Additional Energy Sources
Figure 3.25

18. Fats and Proteins: Additional Energy Sources
Fats: triglycerides have twice the energy of carbohydrates
Proteins: same energy as carbohydrates

19. Anaerobic Pathways: Energy Extraction Without Oxygen
Figure 3.26