1. Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pm
Biological Aspects
Kimberley A. Clow
Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pm
Office: S302

2. Outline Finish Cognition Lecture Talk About Papers
Feelings
Talk About Papers
Mandatory Paper
Optional Paper Options
Start Biological Aspects
Welcome to the Brain
The Nervous Systems
Neural Communication

3. What About Feelings? Constructs of Transition Anxiety Threat Guilt
Aggression
Hostility

4. Learned Helplessness

5. Models of Depression
Aaron Beck

6. Irrational Beliefs Everyone I meet should like me
I should be perfect at everything I do
Because something once affected my life, it will always affect it
It is unbearable and horrible when things are not the way I want them to be
I must perform important tasks competently and perfectly
If I don’t get what I want, it’s terrible
I must have love or approval from all the significant people in my life

7. Distorted Thinking All or Nothing Thinking Overgeneralization
Mental Filter
Disqualifying the Positive
Jumping to Conclusions
Emotional Reasoning
Personalization

8. Rational Emotive Therapy
Emotions stem from our interpretations of events, not from the events themselves
We create our problems
Need to modify our interpretations
If we don’t interpret things in a way that makes us feel bad, we won’t feel bad
Albert Ellis

9. A-B-C Theory of Personality

10. Evaluation Strengths Weaknesses
Brought cognition into the study of personality
How we think
How we perceive
Emphasis on person’s own interpretation
Weaknesses
Important aspects of personality denied or neglected
Difficulty predicting behaviour
Many unanswered questions

11. Mandatory Paper Section 1 Summarize a Theory
Demonstrate that you know this theory inside and out  you understand what you’re talking about, not just regurgitating the text
Don’t just list facts  make it flow
2-4 pages
Don’t need extra research  picking someone mentioned in class
Use text and lecture material
Can do more research if you want to, but not necessary

12. Section 2 Make up a questionnaire  approximately 10 items
Can be any type of survey that you like
Make sure it is relevant to your theory
Make up questions that get at the heart of the theory
Items that the theorist you are dealing with would believe are getting at the issues they think are ultimately important
I’m looking for creativity and originality here, not scientific accuracy
1 page

13. Section 3 Due Dates Rationale for Questionnaire
This is your chance to explain to me why you created each item and how it does in fact get at the key aspects of the theory
Give a write up on each item you created explaining what you think that item gets at and why
Make sure you relate it back to your theory!
1-3 pages
Due Dates
Mandatory paper is due IN CLASS April 8th
Optional versions due IN CLASS March 25st

14. Optional Paper Write a Compare & Contrast Essay
Pick 2 people from the course or 2 theoretical approaches from the course and write an essay that points out their major similarities and differences
Again, want to show that you thoroughly understand these theories/people
Make the essay flow, don’t just list facts
Only need to use textbook and lecture material
10-15 pages
Due IN CLASS March 25st

15. Remember! Papers start general and move to specific
Start first paragraph more general but by the end of that paragraph, you should have moved on to your thesis statement
Thesis statement is one sentence summing up what your entire paper (or Section 1) is about
Tells me what topics to expect and in what order
Make sure your paper has structure and flow
Don’t just re-write the text or lecture info, tell it to me in a way that makes sense
A paragraph contains 1 main point and is about 3-5 sentences long
When you change points, change paragraphs

18. The Cortex

19. Hemisphere Lateralization

20. Gender Differences?

21. Messages from Brain Travel by Nervous System
Spinal
Cord
Brain
Nerves
The Central Nervous System is the Communications Highway of the body

24. Somatic Nervous System
Sensory Neurons
input from body to Central Nervous System
Motor Neurons
output from Central Nervous System to control muscle movements
Interneurons
sensory-motor relay within Central Nervous System

25. Autonomic Nervous System

26. Neurons are the Messengers
Information Processing Cells
100 billion neurons in the brain!

28. Neural Communication

30. Types of Neurotransmitters
Source and Function
Acetylcholine (ACH)
Controls muscles; attention and memory
Alzheimer’s Disease
Dopamine
Controls muscles; can cause hallucinations
Schizophrenia
Endorphins
Suppresses pain
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Works against neurotransmitters, especially dopamine
Norepinephrine
Regulates mood; increases arousal and alertness
Mood Disorders, Eating Disorders
Serotonin
Opposition to norepinephrine, suppresses activity, causes sleep
Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, Eating Disorders

31. Brain Still in Control!
Altering of neurotransmitters based on messages from brain
Absence or overabundance can create whole new set of consequences