1. Beyond Moore’s Law, Issues and Approaches By: Patrick Cauley 4/8/16
Abstract: Moore’s law is on its way to no longer being a model that can be used For Predicting Transistors on A chip. The Chips are becoming too small and a new way must be found to make better microprocessors. These new ideas will be explored and so will the issues of the law.

2. Outline
What is Moore’s Law?
Problem with Moore’s Law Past and Future
Potential approaches of what to do after Moore’s Law no longer works

3. What is Moore’s Law
Gordon Moore co-founded Intel in the 1968 and noticed a trend with technology.
Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit in an affordable CPU will double every two years.

5. Issues With the law from the past
The constant shrinkage of the transistors hit its first wall in the early 2000’s.
The chips heated up too much since they were so small.
This put a speed limit on the clocks in CPU’s.
This made it so now more processors are put in to each device.

6. Problem with Moore’s Law Moving Forward
The chips have become so small to the size of about 14nm.
By 2021 chips are predicted to be at about 5nm.
At 2-3nm leakage will begin to happen frequently.
Therefore when the chips get too small Moore’s Law can’t continue.

7. Millivolt Switch
One idea is based around finding a ‘millivolt switch’.
Something that could be used on things like silicon but generate less heat.
No millivolt switch has gotten too far to working well enough.

8. Change Materials
Another option is switching materials and no longer using Silicon.
Other materials like Graphene transistors and Germanium and III-V semiconductors.
These materials are not too far away but most likely won’t be ready when Moore’s Law is over.

9. Chip Stacking Silicon goes 3d
Sticking with Silicon but trying to go 3D.
Hybrid Memory Cube is an 8 memory layer system being worked on.
In microprocessors it is more difficult because of the heat issue.

10. What Does it all mean
Chips will no longer be able to be made the same and companies must make an advancement in another way.
Now companies will have chances to follow different paths to make better products.
In 2015 IBM demonstrated 7 nm node chips with silicon- germanium transistors produced using EUVL.
In 2015 Intel and Micron announced 3D XPoint a non-volatile memory.

11. Summary Moore’s Law is coming to an end soon.
With this physical limitation of microprocessors the law can not continue as stated.
People are looking for a new way to continue getting more processing power.
Companies now will have to find something new to do in order to ensure that their chips are the best.

12. Works cited
"Beyond Moore's Law." The Economist. The Economist Newspaper, 26 May Web. 05 Apr
Kavin, Ralph. "IEEE Xplore Full-Text PDF:." IEEE Xplore Full-Text PDF:. IEEE, n.d. Web. 05 Apr
Waldrop, Mitchell. "The Chips Are down for Moore's Law." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, n.d. Web. 05 Apr

13. 5 Key Points
Moore’s Law states that transistors on integrated chips will double every two years for affordable computers.
This law is coming to an end because of chips getting too small.
At 3nm chips will begin to have leakage making that be the cutoff for when they can no longer shrink and really should stop at 5nm.
Silicon may need to be replaced by another material.
Or 3D silicon wafers would be the way to continue with Silicon