1. Engineers, what is wrong here?
Photo credit:

2. There are penguins all over the world, not just in Antarctica.
The red dots indicate where penguins live.
There are penguins all over the southern hemisphere.
Even in South Africa…

3. Boulders Beach is on the coast of South Africa.
Photo credit:
Video on Boulder’s Beach penguins (optional):
Here, the Boulders Beach penguins live. As the climate across the globe
changes, these penguins are getting hot. To keep from overheating, they
cool off in the water. But this survival technique has not worked in
their favor…

4. Boulders Beach Penguins
So the park rangers have built the penguins little houses to protect their eggs AND to help keep them cooler.
The sea gulls are stealing their eggs!
This is helping them survive!

5. Climate change is causing penguins in Antarctica to become endangered by eliminating available habitats
Photo credit:

6. Photo credit:

7. How bad is climate change? Are we to blame?
Link for this video:
Extra videos (to show while penguin ice cubes are melting)
Penguins and global warming:
Penguins are melting:
BBC Link (Innocent Victims):
Penguin in a Pickle:

8. What can we do at home to help the penguins?
But how can we help?
What can we do at home to help the penguins?
For starters, we can conserve energy so we don’t use as many fossil fuels in power plants! But that will take some time!
Photo credit:

9. How can we help them now?
Challenge: Can you design a dwelling that will protect your penguin from increasingly warmer temperatures?

10. Review of Thermal Energy Transfer
Conduct the following experiments to gain a better understanding of thermal energy transfer, insulators, and conductors.

11. Insulation and Conduction Soda Cans
You are leaving on a field trip and you want to keep your soda cold, but ice packs are not allowed. What can you wrap the can in to keep it cool?

12. Materials
Predict which material you think will keep the soda can colder longer?
A wool sock, paper towel, aluminum foil, plastic wrap, cotton sock, nothing
Starting temperature of can 42 degrees F

13. Insulators and Conductors- Soda Cans

14. Which material appears to work the best?
Wool
Which material appears to work the least?
Cotton sock
When you wrap a can of soda, what are you really trying to do?
Keep the heat out, not keep the cold in
From the data collected, how would you rate aluminum foil? Why?
Not very good, it is a metal and good conductor
What is the best fabric to wear in the winter to keep you warm?
wool, because it traps air and doesn’t absorb moisture

15. Metal vs. Other Materials
Preview: Which tray is colder?
Watch the video, why don’t the ice cubes melt at the same rate?

16. Battle of the Spoons
Predict: Which spoon (silver or plastic) will keep an ice cube from melting faster?

17. Which spoon is causing the ice cube to melt faster? Why?
Metal, It is conducting heat from my hand through the spoon and melting the ice cube.
Why didn’t the other spoon melt the ice cube as fast?
The plastic spoon does not transfer heat well
Which spoon is a conductor?
Metal
Which spoon is an insulator?
Plastic

18. Draw
Metal Spoon
Heat is conducted from my hand, along the metal, which is a conductor, to the ice cube, which melts
Plastic Spoon
Heat is NOT conducted from my hand, since plastic is an insulator. The ice cube does not melt

19. Tray temperatures What are the actual temperatures?
So why does the metal feel colder?
It conducts heat away from your hand quickly

20. Explain the melting ice blocks
The blocks are made of different materials. The fast melting cube was on a good conductor (metal). The slow melting cube was on a good insulator (wood, plastic).

21. Hot House
How can conduction, convection, and radiation all come from a single source?

22. Data Collection

25. What method of HEAT TRANSFER is heating up the attic?
Conduction- The attic gets hot because the hot roof (esp the black roof) is absorbing the light and it transfers its energy directly to the attic
What method of HEAT TRANSFER is used when we FLIPPED the house?
Convection- the cold, dense air will sink and the warm air will rise 
What method of HEAT TRANSFER is blocked when we covered the house with the space blanket?
Radiation- the heat instead of being absorbed is reflected away

26. Brainstorm
Using your knowledge of insulators, conductors, conduction, convection, and radiation, design a dwelling for your penguin which will prevent it from melting under the sun.

27. Materials What type of materials will you use?
Cotton, wood, construction paper, foam, felt, plastic wrap, aluminum foil

28. Design
What will your design be? Remember your penguin has to be able to get into and out of your dwelling.

29. Are you designing a home for winter heat losses?
What do you think the arrows represent?
Convection
Where is the heat going?
Radiation
Conduction

30. Or for summer heat losses?
Convection
In the summer, it’s HOT! Heat transfers into our houses!
Radiation
Now where is the heat going?
Conduction

31. We need to slow down heat transfer.
In other words, we need to stop the
from happening!
Radiation
Conduction
Convection

32. Test Oven Radiation from heat lamp above
Conduction and convection from black floor
Convection and radiation from 4 shiny foil walls

33. Conserving energy is the key to help…
Save
the
Penguins
Photo credit: