1. Bellringer: 10/3 and 10/4
Pick up the papers on the desk by the door. Take out a piece of notebook paper and your notes from your reading assignment you did for HW.
Write down your HW: Read/take notes on pages (start at “Hebrews” section, stop at “Assyrian Empire”) in your DUIKER textbook.
Update your ToC:
Page 22: Unit 2 Schedule
Page 23: SOL Reading Worksheet – Unit 2
Page 24: Notes – People of the Med. And M.E.

2. Agenda: 10/3 and 10/4 1. Bellringer
2. Notes: Peoples of the Mediterranean and the Middle East
3. Game: Phoenician Trade Simulation
4. Worksheet: Hanging Gardens of Nebuchadnezzar Reading

3. But first…
Reading Check!
With a partner!

4. Reading Check:
1. What was the first civilization called that dominated trade in the Mediterranean from BCE?
2. What was the capital city of Minoan civilization?
3. The cities of Phoenicia were important centers of what?
4. In what modern-day country was Phoenician civilization mainly centered in?
5. Which of the following is NOT something the Phoenicians are famous for?
A. Purple dye
B. Phonetic alphabet
C. Trade
D. Warfare

5. Reading Check:
1. Minoans
2. Knossos
3. Trade
4. Lebanon
5. D

6. People of the Mediterranean and The Middle East
Ms. Allen
World History I –

7. Babylonians (under Hammurabi)
Neo-Babylonians
Lydians
Hebrews est.
Phoenicians
Assyrians
Chaldeans
Persians
Akkad
Hittites
690 BCE
1550BCE
600 BCE
585 BCE
550 BCE
330 BCE
300 BCE
2000 BCE
1800 BCE
1600 BCE
1200 BCE
1100 BCE
BCE

8. People of the Mediterranean: Phoenicians
Ms. Allen
World History I –

9. Phoenician Geography
Phoenicia was located between the eastern Mediterranean coast and the Lebanon Mountains
Modern Lebanon & Israel
QUESTION: Do the biggest nations or civilizations always make the most important contributions?
QUESTION: Per Map, why called Crossroads. Locate main empires of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Hittites.
QUESTION: What modern countries are there now?

10. Began in modern-day Lebanon City-states develop by 1200 BCE
Famous for….
Commerce
Dyes
Spreading alphabet
Colonies
About the time of the 1180 BC collapse of the Hittite Empire; New Kingdom lasts till 1070 BC.
MAP 1: What modern country? [Lebanon]
MAP 2: What does location of Phoenician city-states tell us? [sea-farers]
Canaanite people
In modern Lebanon
City-states by 1200 BC
Famous for:
Commerce
Dyes
Spreading alphabet
Colonies

11. Phoenicians Territory
About the time of the 1180 BC collapse of the Hittite Empire; New Kingdom lasts till 1070 BC.
MAP 1: What modern country? [Lebanon]
MAP 2: What does location of Phoenician city-states tell us? [sea-farers]
Canaanite people
In modern Lebanon
City-states by 1200 BC
Famous for:
Commerce
Dyes
Spreading alphabet
Colonies

12. Politics/Government in Phoenicia
Not a unified nation
Consisted of independent city-states
About the time of the 1180 BC collapse of the Hittite Empire; New Kingdom lasts till 1070 BC.
MAP 1: What modern country? [Lebanon]
MAP 2: What does location of Phoenician city-states tell us? [sea-farers]
Canaanite people
In modern Lebanon
City-states by 1200 BC
Famous for:
Commerce
Dyes
Spreading alphabet
Colonies

13. Phoenician Colonies
Sailed and colonized throughout the Mediterranean beginning circa 1000 B.C.E.
EXAMPLES:
Gades (modern-day Spain)
Carthage = most important Phoenician colony.
Located in northern Africa

14. Phoenician Colonies

15. Phoenician Colony of Carthage
Founded in 814 BC
Location?
Modern-day Tunisia
First colonization
Eventually becomes a great empire
Fights rivals for power, territory
Greeks in 400s-300s BCE
Romans in 200s-100s BCE
Founded in 814 BC
Modern Tunisia
First colonization
Becomes great empire
Fights rivals
Greeks in 400s & 300s BC
Romans in 200s & 100s BC
\Can you think of another seafaring country that founded colonies that grew much bigger and more powerful? UK-US

16. Phoenician Economy/Commerce
Trade = dominates Phoenician economy (the economic “engine”)
Where is commerce centered?
Major city states (Byblos, Sidon, Tyre)
How far did they trade?
All across the Mediterranean coast
Traded various goods
far did they trade?

17. Phoenician Economy/Commerce
Phoenician Commerce
Phoenician Economy/Commerce
Known as the “purple merchants”
Exports?
Royal purple dye from murex sea snail
Found only in the waters of eastern Mediterranean
Eventually exploited to extinction
Wood (cedar)
Slaves
Glass
Wine/olive oil
Imports?
Silver from Iberia
Ivory, gold
Even tin from Britain
Galleys made of cedar wood
Sails & oars
Exports (purple merchants)
Royal purple dye from murex sea snail
Wood
Slaves
Glass
Wine
Imports
Silver from Iberia
Even tin from Britain
Without trade with the Greeks they would not be known as Phoenicians, as the word for Phoenician is derived from the Ancient Greek word phoinikèia meaning "purple".
Phoenician trade was founded on Tyrian Purple, a violet-purple dye derived from the Murex sea-snail's shell, once profusely available in coastal waters of the eastern Mediterranean Sea but exploited to local extinction.

18. Phoenician Advancements
Purple dye
Ship design/building
Galleys made of cedar wood
Sails & oars
Phoenician alphabet
Leads us towards more modern-day languages/alphabets
Beginning of the Semitic language family

19. Semitic Language Family

20. Phoenician Alphabet

21. Comparison of Alphabets

22. Summarizing the Phoenicians: What did they become?
They became expert traders.
Trade routes to the east were blocked by mountains and hostile neighbors.
They used the Mediterranean Sea and became expert sailors
They had an abundance of cedar, purple dye, silverwork, ivory carvings and slaves

23. People of the Middle East: Hittites, Assyrians, and Chaldeans
Ms. Allen
World History I –

24. 1. THE Hittites

25. Geography of the Hittites
Little known about them until archaeological discoveries of early 20th century
Migrated to Asia Minor (modern Turkey) from northern Europe circa 3000 B.C.E.

26. Evolution of the Hittites: First Hittite Empire
Begins in 1900 B.C.E.
Empire stretched from Aegean Sea to Euphrates River

27. Second Hittite Empire Dates: 1500-1200 B.C.E.
Included Asia Minor, Palestine, and Syria
Decline and fall
Continuous warfare with Egypt
1200 B.C.E. – conquered by northern barbarians
Eventually absorbed by Assyria

28. Hittite Economy: Link between Mesopotamia and western Asia
** Had monopoly on precious metals for hundreds of years **
Developed iron for tools and weapons
Wealth from trade of gold, iron, lead, and silver
Trade shown in numerous excavated clay tablets (tracked trade, transactions)

29. Hittite Politics/Government
Ruled by a king
Relatively centralized govt.
Heavily fortified city walls
Written laws show Babylonian influence

30. Hittite Advancements:
Fortified city walls
Art
Crude carvings
Stone lions at city entrances
Carvings of animals and warriors

31. 2. THE Assyrians

32. Who are the Assyrians?
An aggressive mountain people who had waged war for years against the Babylonians

33. Achievements of Assyrians
Used iron
Expanded empire through war
Conquered Egypt & the Fertile Crescent.
Used military innovations
Battering ram, siege towers
Cavalry/chariots/infantry
Conscription (drafting soldiers)

34. Achievements of Assyrians
Built roads for troop movement
Messenger service to report rebellions.
Conquered people were tortured and enslaved
Tunneled under walls to attack other civilizations
Divided empire into provinces (states ruled by a governor, protected by the military)

36. 3. THE Chaldeans

37. - Built on the territory of what river valley civilization?
Geography
In modern-day Iraq
- Built on the territory of what river valley civilization?

38. Parts of Babylon have been rebuilt by Saddam Hussein

39. Rebuilt by Saddam Hussein

40. Mosul on the Tigris River

41. Important Leader: Nebuchadnezzar
He rebuilt Babylon
Had the Hanging Gardens constructed
One of the 7 Wonders of the World
Conquers city of Jerusalem
Deports Hebrews to Babylon to keep them from rebelling

42. Nebuchadnezzar BC
Akkadian name: O Nabu (god of wisdom/son of Marduk) defend my kudurru (stone deed of property served as a boundary marker) He interpreted it as Nabu’s favourite

43. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Built for his wife – Amyitis to remind her of her homeland Media ( Daughter of king of Mede)

44. Religion: The Star Gazers of Babylon
Priests observed and kept records of the heavens
Located in ziggurats
Believed stars determined human destiny
Could be used to foretell the future
They observed the Zodiac
Zodiac = belt of 12 constellations and the phases of the moon
Ziggurat of Marduk – connection to Tower of Babel

45. Phoenician Game: Trade Simulation
Ziggurat of Marduk – connection to Tower of Babel