1. Explain the practice of Salutary neglect

2. Middle Colonies The FOUR Regions New England Chesapeake Colonies
MA, RI, CT, NH
Middle Colonies
NY, NJ, PA, DE
Chesapeake Colonies
VA, MD, NC,
Southernmost Atlantic
SC, GA, and British islands in the West Indies

3. Middle Colonies “The Bread Basket”
Environment: Lower Eastern Woodlands
Geography: Many lakes and rivers for transportation, Lower Eastern Woodlands
Climate: Medium growing season, cold winters
Natural Resources: great natural ports, Many lakes and rivers for transportation
Demographically, religiously, and ethnically diverse middle colonies supported a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops
“The Bread Basket”

4. Middle Colonies Culture
PRODUCTS
Farmed Wheat, Oat, Barley and Rye.
Made homespun products.
Subsistence Focused
Traded very little.
PEOPLE
People from: England, the Netherlands, France, Germany and others.
Puritans, Quakers, Anglicans, Catholics, and Jews.

5. Middle Colonies Government
Proprietary Charters
Religious Freedom and Tolerance
Freedom of the Press
Strong Courts

6. Religion in the Middle Colonies
Practiced a great deal of religious tolerance, accepting the beliefs of Quakers, Shakers, Presbyterians, Baptists, etc. 
Religion played a minor role in politics and the economy.
A highly diverse society based upon many diverse languages, religions, and cultures.  Society was multi-racial.

7. Maryland: Safe for Catholics
George Calvert, former member of Parliament, publicly announces his resignation and Catholicism.
He then is taken as Baron Baltimore in the Irish Peerage and becomes interested in the new world. He dies 5 weeks before the charter and his son Cecilius is named Lord Baltimore Governor of Maryland
Maryland Acts of Toleration – Freedom of Religion for Trinitarians

8. Pennsylvania

9. The Quakers & William Penn
Aristocratic Englishman.
1660 – attracted to the Quaker faith.
Embraced Quakerism after military service.
1681  he received a grant from king to establish a colony.
This settled a debt the king owed his father.
Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].
He sent out paid agents and advertised for settlers  his pamphlets were pretty honest.
Liberal land policy attracted many immigrants.
Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.
Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.
They met without paid clergy
Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.
Wouldn’t take oaths.
Pacifists.

10. Penn and Indigenous Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians.
Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.
Non-Quakers flood PA
Treated native peoples poorly.
This undermined the actions of the Quakers!
Penn’s Treaty with the Indigenous

11. Government in Pennsylvania
Attracted many different people
Religious misfits from colonies.
-Many different ethnic groups.
No provision for military defense.
No restrictions on immigration.
No slavery!!
“Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws]  against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.
A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!
Representative assembly elected by landowners.
No tax-supported church.
Freedom of worship guaranteed to all.
Forced to deny right to vote & hold office to Catholics & Jews by English govt.
Death penalty only for treason & murder.
Compared to 200 capital crimes in England!

12. Slavery in the Middle Colonies
Slavery was a labor system in some commercial farming areas but only made up ten percent of the rural population in these regions.
In port cities, slavery was common.
By 1750, the slave and free African populations made up 15-20% of the residents of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia.
Antislavery sentiment first arose among the Quakers of New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Nature or nurture?? Was it the colonists or the environment that led to less slavery in north??
Refer to photo of The London Coffee House.

13. The London Coffee House, near the docks of Philadelphia, was the center of the city’s business and political life in the mid-eighteenth century. Sea captains and merchants congregated here to do business, and as this contemporary print illustrates (in the detail on the far right), it was the site of many slave auctions. Slavery was a vital part of the economy of northern cities.
SOURCE: John F. Watson, “Annals of Philadelphia,” being a collection of memoirs, anecdotes, and incidents of Philadelphia. The London Coffee House. The Library Company of Philadelphia.

14. HAP-P Using the American Spirit…
HAP-P each of the documents in E (pg 62-64)
Where would you rather live & why?
New England
Middle Colonies
Chesapeake
Southernmost

15. CrashCourse – Middle Colonies

16. MARK THE TEXT! DUE NEXT CLASS!
Acts of Toleration
MARK THE TEXT! DUE NEXT CLASS!