1. Light and Optics 18.1 Mirrors form images by reflecting light. 18.2
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Light and Optics
the BIG idea
Optical tools depend on the wave behavior of light.
18.1
Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
18.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
18.3
The eye is a natural optical tool.
18.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
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2. 18.1 Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
• Mirrors work by regular reflection and obey the law of reflection.
optics
image
diffuse reflection
normal
angle of incidence
angle of reflection
60°
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
VISUALIZATION
See reflection in action.
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3. 18.1 Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
• Mirrors work by regular reflection and obey the law of reflection.
optics
• Flat mirrors form virtual images.
image
• Curved mirrors form both real and virtual images.
diffuse reflection
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
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4. Lenses form images by refracting light.
18.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
focal length
focal point
focal length
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5. Lenses form images by refracting light.
18.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
• Convex lenses bend light inward toward a focal point.
focal length
principal axis
Convex Lens
focal point
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6. Lenses form images by refracting light.
18.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
• Convex lenses bend light inward toward a focal point.
focal length
• Concave lenses spread light out.
• Lenses form both real and virtual images.
principal axis
Convex Lens
focal point
Concave Lens
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7. Lenses form images by refracting light.
18.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
• Convex lenses bend light inward toward a focal point.
focal length
• Concave lenses spread light out.
• Lenses form both real and virtual images.
SIMULATION
Work with convex and concave lenses to form images.
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8. The eye is a natural optical tool.
18.3
The eye is a natural optical tool.
• The eyes of humans and many animals use lenses to focus images on the retina.
cornea
• The retina detects images and sends information
about them to the brain.
pupil
retina
The light passes through the iris and the pupil. 2
Light from an object is refracted by the cornea. 1
The lens refracts the light more. 3
optic nerve
iris
An image is focused on the retina. 4
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9. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
18.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
laser
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
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10. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
18.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
laser
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
microscopes
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

11. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
18.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
laser
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
microscopes
cameras
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

12. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
18.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
laser
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
microscopes
cameras
lasers
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• Lasers have a wide variety of uses.
SECTION
OUTLINE

13. 18.1 Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
I. Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
optics
A. Optics is the science of light and vision.
image
B. Mirrors use regular reflection.
diffuse reflection
C. Shape determines how mirrors form images.
regular reflection
law of reflection
1. Flat Mirrors
concave
2. Concave and Convex Mirrors
focal point
convex
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

14. Lenses form images by refracting light.
18.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
II. Lenses form images by refracting light.
lens
A. A medium can refract light.
focal length
1. Refraction of Light
2. Refraction and Rainbows
B. Shape determines how lenses form images.
1. Convex and Concave Lenses
2. Images Formed by Lenses
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

15. The eye is a natural optical tool.
18.3
The eye is a natural optical tool.
III. The eye is a natural optical tool.
cornea
A. The eye gathers and focuses light.
pupil
1. How Light Travels Through the Human Eye
retina
2. How the Eye Forms Images
B. Corrective lenses can improve vision.
1. Corrective Lenses
2. Surgery and Contact Lenses
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

16. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
18.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
IV. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
laser
A. Mirrors and lenses can be combined to make more powerful optical tools.
fiber optics
1. Microscopes
2. Telescopes
3. Cameras
B. Lasers use light in new ways.
1. Making Laser Light
2. Visual Uses of Lasers
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3. Fiber Optics
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
4. Future Uses of Lasers

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