1. Bacteria

2. Who discovered bacteria?
Leeuwenhoek in the late 1600’s
A microscope maker
How?
By scraping his teeth

3. Bacteria are: Single celled Multi celled Prokaryotes Eukaryote
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Organisms that carry out MOST characteristics of life.
Organisms that carry out ALL characteristics of life.

4. Shapes of Bacteria:
Spherical
Rodlike
Spiral
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirillia

5. Bacteria shapes (1:30min)

6. Bacteria Structures Genetic Material Cytoplasm Flagellum Ribosome
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane

7. Name the structures inside the Bacteria:
Cell Wall -gives it shape
Cell Membrane - regulates materials in and out
Cytoplasm-place where most chemical reactions occur.
Ribosome - structures found in the cytoplasm which are chemical factories that produce proteins
Genetic Material - Responsible for the cells function.
Does not have a nucleus
Flagellum -Whip-like structure that helps it to move. Bacteria without flagella move with help from air, water etc.

8. Introduction to Bacteria (15 min)

9. Name the Two Kingdoms of Bacteria:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
What is the difference between the two kingdoms?
Eubacteria live in and on your body. Some can cause disease but most are helpful to Earth processes and helping organisms to survive
ALSO, THEY HAVE DIFFERENT CHEMICAL MAKEUP
Archaebacteria live in extreme environments
Ancient
bacteria

10. Bacteria: Form and Function (3:40min)

11. Two ways Bacteria Reproduce:
1. Asexual Reproduction
Name of Process -Binary Fission
Number of Parents - 1
WHAT OCCURS IN THE PROCESS
One bacteria cell duplicates its genetic material then divides to form two separate cells.
Result of the Process
New cells that are identical to the parent

12. Two ways Bacteria Reproduce:
2. Sexual Reproduction
Name of Process –Conjugation
Number of Parents - 2
What Occurs in the Process
One bacterium transfers some of its genetic material into another through a thin, threadlike bridge that joins the cells.
Result of the Process
Bacteria that are genetically different from parents

13. Bacteria reproduction (3:40 min)

14. In 1995 Scientists revive 25 million year old bacteria found on a preserved bee

15. Endospore Formation
When conditions for Bacteria are not favorable, they can form an Endospore, which is a thick walled, resting cell that protects the bacteria’s genetic material.

16. Survival Needs in Bacteria
Obtaining Food:
Autotrophs
Photosynthesis – Captures and uses Sun’s energy
Chemosynthesis – uses energy from chemicals in the environment.
Heterotrophs – eat other heterotrophs and autotrophs or some eat milk, meat and decaying leaves. (Decomposers)
Respiration
Is the process that breaks down food to release energy.
Two types:
Aerobic – uses oxygen
Anaerobic – no oxygen involved

17. How are Bacteria helpful to people?
Fuel Production – natural gas (methane)
Food Preparation – cheese, apple cider and olives
Environmental cleanups – oil eating bacteria
Health and Medicine - bacteria used to make insulin
Digestive System Bacteria
Help digest food
Make vitamins
Kill harmful bacteria
How can bacteria
be helpful in
health and medicine????
Decomposers are bacteria that breakdown large molecules into smaller ones

18. Bacteria and Food Production (2 :00)

19. Infectious Diseases
Illness that can be passed from one organism to another through contact with
An infected person (sneezing, kissing)
An infected object (cup, fork)
An infected animal (bites) Ticks = Lyme Disease, Raccoons = Rabies and Mosquitoes = Encephalitis
Infected environment (water, food)
Through skin (broken) , mouth, nose, ears, eyes

20. Figure 17 use for questions 11,12 and 13

21. Figure 17 use for questions 11,12 and 13

22. Viruses, Bacteria and You
How can they hurt us?
Infectious Diseases:
Viral Diseases
No Medication to cure
Bacterial Diseases
Antibotics can be used to treat these.

24. Antibiotic Resistance
When a bacteria’s DNA has been changed through conjugation, the bacteria may become resistant to a certain antibiotic
The antibiotic will no longer kill the bacteria
A new antibiotic will have to be used to kill the changed bacteria
Completing medication (antibiotics) is important to prevent antibiotic resistance bacteria.

25. Prevention of Infectious Diseases
Get Vaccinated
Eating healthy
Getting enough sleep, fluids and exercise
Washing hands
If you do get ill…………..
Get rest and follow your doctors directions

26. Bacteria and Infectious Diseases (3:30)

27. Resistant Bacteria (4:30)

28. Nightmare Bacteria (First segment)

29. Understanding Bacteria (54 min)

30. Song…We are the Microbes
Some YouTube Videos
Video…Germs for Kids
Song…We are the Microbes
(done to Queen’s We Will Rock You/We Are the Champions)

31. Two more YouTube Videos
Can being cold give you a cold?
Bill Nye (23 min)