1. Solubility Rules SOLUBILITY RULES 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rule #
Cations
ALL Group 1 alkali metal (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+) and Ammonium (NH4+) compounds are soluble in water.
Most, but NOT all, Group 2 alkali earth metal compounds are soluble. 2
Halides
Most Halides are soluble. Chlorides (Cl-). Bromides (Br-), and Iodides (I-) are soluble EXCEPT Silver (Ag+), Mercury (Hg22+), and Lead (Pb2+) 3
Soluble
Anions
Nitrates (NO3-), Acetates (C2H3O2-), Chlorate (ClO3-),
and Perchlorates (ClO4-) are soluble 4
Sulfates
Most Sulfates (SO42-) are soluble EXCEPT compounds of Barium (Ba2+), Strontium (Sr2+), Calcium (Ca2+), Lead (Pb2+) 5
Insoluble Anions
Most Phosphates (PO43-), Carbonates (CO32-), Sulfides (S2-), & Sulfites (SO32-) are insoluble EXCEPT for compounds of Group 1 alkali metals and Ammonium (NH4+) 6
Hydroxides
Most hydroxides (OH-) are insoluble EXCEPT compounds of Group 1 alkali metals, most Group 2 alkali earth metals, and Ammonium (NH4+)

2. Solubility Rules
NaCl
(aq)

3. Solubility Rules
PbCl2
(s)

4. Solubility Rules
Fe(NO3)2
(aq)

5. Solubility Rules
FeCO3
(s)

6. Solubility Rules
CaSO4
(s)

7. Solubility Rules
NH4Br
(aq)

8. Solubility Rules
Li3PO4
(aq)

9. Solubility Rules
Co3(PO4)2
(s)

10. Solubility Rules
CsClO3
(aq)

11. 2 1 Sit with your Durability lab group at your table
Take out your Notebook, Periodic Table, & Ion List
For the 1st rotation you’ll start with this letter role… A B C D

12. 2 1 Sit with your Durability group (reminder below)
Take out your Notebook, Periodic Table, & Ion List
For the 1st rotation you’ll start with this letter role… A B C D
Janae L
Chelcie
Alex

13. 2 1 Sit with your Durability group (reminder below)
Take out your Notebook, Periodic Table, & Ion List
For the 1st rotation you’ll start with this letter role… A B C D

14. 2 1 Sit with your Durability group (reminder below)
Take out your Notebook, Periodic Table, & Ion List
For the 1st rotation you’ll start with this letter role… A B C D

15. Writing Double Replacement Reactions
GROUP WORK RULES:
* Every student is responsible for their part – 100% effort
** Struggle, get stuck, then ask each other before calling a teacher
*** Keep markers capped – Group Leaders are the marker monitors!
Pick a card – Write reactants (check BCD’s work after each step)
B. Write the ions and then formula for one product
C. Write the ions and then formula the other product
D. Write (aq) or (s) for each product [using solubility rules]
A. Will there be a rxn and precipitate?
Celebrate!
Rotate jobs, draw a new card, start again

16. KI + Pb(NO3)2  ? + ? . Double Replacement Reactions KPb + I-NO3
Reactants
Products
The demo featured the reactants potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate, which produced a cloudy-yellow precipitate. Which of the following choices represents the correct products of the reaction?
KPb I-NO3
KNO PbI
KNO PbI2
D) Pb(NO3)2 + KI

17. Formation of a Precipitate

18. Formation of a Precipitate

19. Predicting Precipitates
STEPS
REACTANTS
All reactants are aqueous (aq) meaning dissolved in water
PRODUCTS
Switch cations and complete each rxn
Use solubility rules to predict if one is a ppt
PREDICTION
NR or ppt?
Rule # ______
QUALITATIVE
RESULTS
NR or color
Names
Ions
Formulas
Lithium Fluoride + Sodium Carbonate
STEPS
REACTANTS
All reactants are aqueous (aq) meaning dissolved in water
PRODUCTS
Switch cations and complete each rxn
Use solubility rules to predict if one is a ppt
PREDICTION
NR or ppt?
Rule # ______
QUALITATIVE
RESULTS
NR or color
Names
Ions
Formulas
Sodium Chloride + Silver Nitrate

20. 2 soluble compounds dissolved in H2O switch ions
Double Replacement Reactions
Description in words:
Symbolic Representation:
Picture Representation:
2 soluble compounds dissolved in H2O switch ions AX
+ BY  BX
+ AY

21. Double Replacement Reactions
BACKGROUND: Chemists can synthesize [make] different colored solids through ___________ - _________________ ______________. In this kind of chemical reaction, two ______________ reactants OR ______________ [meaning dissolved in H2O] compounds are mixed. Once dissolved, the compounds now exist in solution as free ________ and_____________. Sometimes, the ions combine to form a new ________________ [ meaning does NOT dissolve in water] compound. This new insoluble solid product is known as a ___________________ Chemists use the “__________________ ___________” to predict whether or not a precipitate will form in a double-replacement reaction. Generally, a precipitate will look ____________ and you may be able to see a new colored solid floating or settling to the bottom of the solution.
double
replacement
reactions
soluble
aqueous
cations
anions
insoluble
precipitate
solubility
rules
cloudy

22. Procedure reactants products cations formulas charges NR ppt 5 drops
For each reaction write the word and chemical equations, use the _____________ to determine which ____________ will form by switching the _____________ . Use the _____________ of the ions to balance the _____________ .
Use the solubility rules to predict whether the products will be soluble or if there will be an insoluble precipitate. Use ____ for “no reaction” or _____ for “precipitate”. If ppt, write the name of the product that you predict will precipitate.
Once you have finished writing all reactions and making all predictions, ask your teacher for the solutions.
Test your prediction for each reaction by mixing ___ _______ of each solution in a spot plate.
Record observations for each reaction. Describe the precipitate if there is one (ex. ______________________ etc.)
reactants
products
cations
charges
formulas NR
ppt
5 drops
color, cloudy, gel