1. Wednesday Ninja Bellwork: 12/7/16
Answer on the left side of your notes from yesterday.
Purple skin (P) is dominant to green skin (p)
Two eyes (E) are dominant to one (e).
Hybrid
Purebred
How many traits are being examined in the picture?
What are the genotypes of these individuals?
What chance do they have of having a two eyed, purple alien? 2
eePp EEpp

2. e e P p E Ee Ee p Pp X pp E Ee Ee p Pp pp = 8/16 or ½ 4 2 4 4
eePp EEpp
Purple skin (P) is dominant to green skin (p)
Two eyes (E) are dominant to one (e). e e P p 4 2 E Ee Ee p Pp X pp 4 4 E Ee Ee p Pp pp
= 8/16 or ½

3. Frozen HW check

4. Journals Page:____ Title: Non-Mendelian Genetics
EQ: What did Mendel not account for in his model of genetics?

5. Today’s Standard: B6F predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as non-Mendelian inheritance Essential Question: Do you think most traits follow Mendelian or non-Mendelian rules of inheritance? Why?

6. REMEMBER: Mendel’s principles form the basis of the modern science of genetics. The inheritance of biological characteristics is determined by specific segments of DNA called genes. Genes are passed from parents to their offspring.

7. Types of Inheritance
Mendelian: genetic traits are controlled by a single gene
----- dominant or recessive; flower color
Sex-linked: genetic traits are controlled by the X or Y chromosome
-----X-linked recessive; colorblindness
Co-dominance: both alleles contribute to the phenotype equally (ex. Blood type)
Incomplete dominance: when the presence of both alleles leads to a blending of traits (ex. Red flower + white flower = pink flower)
Polygenic: when a trait is controlled by multiple alleles

8. Incomplete Dominance
When the genotype is heterozygous, then the trait will be a blend of the two alleles
Note: Sometimes, we write this by using an abbreviation of the trait in a capital letter (C =color) and the alleles as a superscript (CR = red flower) or subscript (CR).
Sometimes, we just say the heterozygous trait is a blend.

9. RR RB R R R B R = Red B = Blue RB = Purple Mom =RR Dad = RB
Spongebob loves growing flowers for his gal pal, Sandy. She loves the Poofkin flowers—red, purple, and blue! Interestingly enough, the Poofkin flowers display incomplete dominance in their genes for color.
Using “R” for red and “B” for blue, what would be the genotypes for the following phenotypes?
red: ______ purple: _____ blue: _____
Complete a Punnett square for a red Poofkin and a purple Poofkin. R R
R = Red
B = Blue
RB = Purple
Mom =RR
Dad = RB RR RB R B
Red Poofkins (RR) 50%
Purple Poofkins (RB) 50%

10. Incomplete Dominance Practice!

12. genetic traits are controlled by a single gene
Type of Inheritance
Mendelian or
Non-Mendelian?
Description
Example
Mendelian (Simple Genetics)
Mendelian
genetic traits are controlled by a single gene
Bb x BB
Sex-Linked Traits
Codominance
Incomplete Dominance
Polygenic Traits

13. Mendelian (Simple) Genetics

14. Type of Inheritance Mendelian or Non-Mendelian? Description Example
Mendelian (Simple Genetics)
Mendelian
genetic traits are controlled by a single gene
Bb x BB
Sex-Linked Traits
Non
genetic traits are controlled by the X or Y chromosome
X-Linked,
Y-Linked, colorblindness
Codominance
Incomplete Dominance
Polygenic Traits

15. Sex-linked traits
Are traits that are determined by either the Y or X chromosome
If they are determined by the Y chromosome they are referred to as “Y-linked”
Y-linked disorders are very rare and often cause infertility in men
If they are determined by the X-chromosome they are referred to as “X-linked”

16. X-Linked Traits X-Linked Dominant: X-Linked Recessive:
These conditions (such as vitamin D resistant rickets) are rare and can affect both men and women
Men are more affected than women
Both men and women can pass on the affected chromosome to their children
These disorders (such as hemophilia and color blindness) more frequently affect men than women
Both men and women can pass these traits on to their children (at different rates)
An affected man/unaffected woman = sons who are unaffected, daughters who are carriers
An affected woman/unaffected man = 50% chance of passing the trait. If she passes on her affected X chromosome, then her daughters will be carriers and her sons will be affected
This is why men are more likely to be color blind than women

17. X-Linked Dominant

18. X-Linked Recessive (carrier mother)

19. Type of Inheritance Mendelian or Non-Mendelian? Description Example
Mendelian (Simple Genetics)
Mendelian
genetic traits are controlled by a single gene
Bb x BB
Sex-Linked Traits
Non
genetic traits are controlled by the X or Y chromosome
X-Linked,
Y-Linked, colorblindness
Codominance
both alleles contribute to the phenotype equally (both phenotypes show)
Blood Type
Incomplete Dominance
Polygenic Traits

20. Co-dominance
When the genotype is heterozygous, then both traits will show up equally
Note: when writing we show this with two different capital letters

22. Type of Inheritance Mendelian or Non-Mendelian? Description Example
Mendelian (Simple Genetics)
Mendelian
genetic traits are controlled by a single gene
Bb x BB
Sex-Linked Traits
Non
genetic traits are controlled by the X or Y chromosome
X-Linked,
Y-Linked, colorblindness
Codominance
both alleles contribute to the phenotype equally (both phenotypes show)
Blood Type
Incomplete Dominance
the presence of both alleles leads to a blending of traits (new phenotype made)
Red flower + White flower = Pink flower
Polygenic Traits

23. Type of Inheritance Mendelian or Non-Mendelian? Description Example
Mendelian (Simple Genetics)
Mendelian
genetic traits are controlled by a single gene
Bb x BB
Sex-Linked Traits
Non
genetic traits are controlled by the X or Y chromosome
X-Linked,
Y-Linked, colorblindness
Codominance
both alleles contribute to the phenotype equally (both phenotypes show)
Blood Type
Incomplete Dominance
the presence of both alleles leads to a blending of traits (new phenotype made)
Red flower + White flower = Pink flower
Polygenic Traits
a trait is controlled by multiple alleles
Skin color

24. Polygenic Inheritance
Multiple genes control the inheritance of traits

25. Both genes and the environment determine how traits are expressed in a population

26. Non-Mendelian Inheritance
In rabbits, white coat color (W) and black coat color (B) are codominant. Heterozygotes (WB) are spotted.
1. Draw a Punnett Square that shows the genotypes of the offspring from a heterozygous black-spotted rabbit and a homozygous white-coated rabbit?
Mrs. PigglyWiggly is a carrier of the sex-linked hemophilia allele, and Mr. PigglyWiggly is normal (as far as blood chemistry goes).
2. Draw a Punnet square that shows the theoretical genotypes among their children.

27. Non-Mendelian Inheritance
Spongebob loves growing flowers for his gal pal, Sandy. She loves the Poofkin flowers—red, purple, and blue! Interestingly enough, the Poofkin flowers display incomplete dominance in their genes for color.
1. Using “R” for red and “B” for blue, what would be the genotypes for the following phenotypes?
red: ______ purple: _____ blue: _____
2. Complete a Punnett square for a red Poofkin and a purple Poofkin.

28. Debrief: Do you think most traits follow Mendelian or non-Mendelian rules of inheritance? Why?

29. Type of Inheritance Mendelian or Non-Mendelian? Description Example
Mendelian (Simple Genetics)
Sex-Linked Traits
Codominance
Incomplete Dominance
Polygenic Traits

30. HAPPY TUESDAY TO YA BUFFS!
BELLWORK: Start a NEW bellwork sheet for this week and put it in your buff binder. Today’s bellwork is below. 1 2 3
Write the question and answer in your bellwork:
Which of the pictures depict Non-Mendelian Genetics? What types are shown?
Which of the pictures depict Mendelian genetics? How do you know?