1. SSUSH1
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION DURING THE 17TH CENTURY

2. British North America
All the colonies developed economies that allowed settlers to survive & even prosper, yet each colony differed in its religious, cultural, & political customs.

3. Mercantilism and the Transatlantic Trade (1a)
Founders of the colonies were influenced by the economic theory called mercantilism.
Limited supply of wealth in the form of natural resources.
To become a stronger nation was to acquire the most wealth.
Colonies existed to strengthen the material welfare of the founding nation.
Colonies could not become manufacturing or trading competitors of the founding nation.
Explorers returned with reports of timber and fur.
Began to think that colonization would be the most efficient means to engage in trade and to increase England’s power.
Raw materials (N.A. -> Europe)
Manufactured goods (Europe -> Africa.
Enslaved Africans (West Africa -> Caribbean or American Colonies)

4. Southern Colonies (1b) Georgia, South and North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland
Reasons Established
Impact of location/ Economic Development
All the colonies developed economies that allowed settlers to survive & even prosper, yet each colony differed in its religious, cultural, & political customs.
Virginia: Business venture
Maryland: Refuge for Catholics
Carolinas: Keep France and Spain away (eventually split)
Georgia: James Oglethorpe and English debtors.
Large farms/plantations to cultivate cash crops/ tobacco
Agriculture
Long growing season perfect for crops such as tobacco and rice
Colonists main trading partner “Mother” country/England so plantations located near rivers to transport cash crops to England

5. Southern Colonies (1b) Relations with American Indians
Sometimes good, sometimes bad.
colonists initially traded with the Rappahannock Indians
struggled with the growing colony and loss of their land
Slavery was very abundant in the southern colonies.
There were many occasions in which colonists captured Indians and sold them into the slave trade

6. New England Colonies (1c) Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and New Hampshire
Reasons Established
Impact of location/ Economic Development
Massachusetts: established by the puritans to pursue a better life.
Rhode Island: religious dissenters from Massachusetts
Connecticut: puritans of a “different group”
New Hampshire: economic (export wood and fish)
Small family farms [No need for slaves]
Establishment of churches and towns built around church congregations
Colonists had little to trade to “Mother” country/England so precedent of illegal trading/smuggling common in New England – precedent of commerce and business
Religious intolerance led to creation of other colonies
Summers were warm; winters long and cold.
Growing season: Five months long

7. New England Colonies (1c)
Relations with American Indians
Uneasy mix of cooperation and conflict
At first, trading occurred with the Europeans. Afterwards, conflicts arose.
King Philips War
Peace was attempted between the American Indians and the Southern New England Colonies.

8. Mid-Atlantic Colonies (1d) New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania
Reasons Established
Impact of Location/ Economic Development
New York: settled by the Dutch; conquered and renamed.
Pennsylvania: religious tolerant Quakers; “Holy Experiment”
New Jersey: Agriculture Economy
Delaware: small trading
Colonists main trading partner other colonies and then Mother England – need for infrastructure to bring goods to eastern/southern colonies
Tolerance was a key characteristic in Philadelphia and New York – led to diversity of cultures
Breadbasket colonies – cash crops like wheat, barley, and rye

9. Mid-Atlantic Colonies (1d)
Relations with American Indians
Proximity to Native Americans led to peaceful coexistence between colonists and American Indians
Tribes were very friendly to the white and welcomed trade with the colonists in the beginning.
Did not remain good for long.
With the rapidly rising population amongst the colonists, the land became more and more of a commodity.