1. Chapter 3 – Colonies Take Root
3.1 – The First English Settlements.
3.2 – The New England Colonies
3.3 The Middle Colonies
3.4 The Southern Colonies

2. The United States – 1607 – 1750

3. 3.1 – The First English Settlements
England began establishing colonies in the late 1500’s
In 1607 a group led of wealthy men tried to establish a colony in Virginia
King James I granted a charter
The group arrived in the spring of 1607

4. 3.1 – The First English Settlements
The colony was called Jamestown
It would prove to be England’s first permanent settlement in N.A.
The colony barley survived the first year due to location and effort

5. 3.1 – The First English Settlements
John Smith arrived in 1608 to find only 38 of the original 100 men alive
He drew up tough rules, and demanded men work for food
Smith raided Native American villages and it upset leader Powhatan

6. 3.1 – The First English Settlements
The colony survived the “Starving Time” period and started planting tobacco
The eventual success of Jamestown drew new colonists from England
Representative Government emerged in the form of the Virginia House of Burgesses

7. 3.1 – The First English Settlements
In the summer of 1619, 20 Africans arrived and were sold as slaves.
This was the beginning of slave trade in the colonies
The Africans were not enslaved their entire life, but for most of it

8. 3.1 – The First English Settlements
In 1620 Pilgrims seeking religious freedom decided to settle in Virginia but landed in Massachusetts
The Pilgrims traveled on the Mayflower and called their settlement Plymouth

9. 3.1 – The First English Settlements
Before going ashore, 41 men signed a document called the Mayflower Compact
This document allowed the colonists to govern themselves
Native Americans helped the pilgrims through their first year
Squanto helped teach them how to plant crops

10. 3.2 – The New England Colonies

11. 3.2 – The New England Colonies
The New England were made up of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire.
Much of N.E. is made up of hills and low mountains
Farming was difficult and the winters were long and snowy

12. 3.2 – The New England Colonies
The Puritans, led by John Winthrop received a charter for establishments in Massachusetts and New Hampshire
The Puritans were seeking religious freedom
The main Puritan settlement was Boston
The Puritans didn’t believe in religious toleration

13. 3.2 – The New England Colonies
Roger Williams was forced to leave Massachusetts Bay in 1635 over religious disagreements
He moved north to Rhode Island, where he bought land from Native Americans
He founded Providence in 1636

14. 3.2 – The New England Colonies
In 1644, Rhode Island had received a charter to govern themselves
Rhode Island decided that they would have no official church or faith
Ann Hutchinson was expelled from Massachusetts in 1638 and moved to Rhode Island in 1642

15. 3.2 – The New England Colonies
Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts in 1636 with about 100 followers and settled in Connecticut.
He founded Hartford, and many Puritans followed him
They started the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut with elected officials

16. 3.2 – The New England Colonies
John Wheelright also left Massachusetts in 1638 and moved to New Hampshire
New Hampshire received a charter in 1680
Wheelright and New Hampshire was another example of colonists seeking religious freedom

17. 3.2 – The New England Colonies
Puritans believed in towns governing themselves and conducting Town Meetings
Membership was restricted to male heads of the household
The experience encouraged the growth of democratic ideas

18. 3.2 – The New England Colonies
By the 1670’s Native American population was decreasing
Disease was a big factor in population decline
Metacom (King Philip) lead a uprising in 1675 against the settlers
Fighting lasted over a year and destroyed 12 towns in the New England area
It ended in 1676 when Metacom was killed, which led to more expansion

19. 3.3 – The Middle Colonies

20. 3.3 – The Middle Colonies
Four states made up the middle colonies: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware
Today NY City is the most populous city in the country
Farmers in the middle colonies had much more success than N.E. because of the climate, longer growing season, and fertile soil

21. 3.3 – The Middle Colonies
New York began as a Dutch colony of New Netherland
The colony was valuable for trading
In 1664 , New Netherland became New York after the Duke of York captured the land from the Dutch
New Amsterdam became New York City

22. 3.3 – The Middle Colonies
New Jersey was established in 1665 when New York was broken off in two
NJ started as a Proprietary Colony
In 1702 NJ received a charter to become a royal colony

23. 3.3 – The Middle Colonies
William Penn and the Quakers were seeking religious freedom from England in the late 1600’s
Penn received a charter from the King for a new colony in North America
Penn arrived in the colony in 1682
It was called Pennsylvania

24. 3.3 – The Middle Colonies
Penn established a city named Philadelphia, which means “City of Brotherly Love”
Settlers arrived from England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland
Penn considered his colony the Holy Experiment
Penn tried to treat Native American’s fairly and buy land

25. 3.3 – The Middle Colonies Delaware was originally part of Pennsylvania
The distance between Delaware and Philadelphia was a problem
Penn gave Delaware it’s own representative assembly
In 1704 Delaware became their own colony

26. 3.3 – The Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania had very fertile soil and wheat was the top cash crop
Pennsylvania was called America’s breadbasket
Manufacturing developed quickly with the production of Iron, flour, and paper

27. 3.3 – The Middle Colonies
The western section of Pennsylvania was called the backcountry
Many non England settlers settled in the backcountry
Conflicts often arose with Native American’s in the backcountry

28. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies

29. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies
The Mason-Dixon line was established in the 1760’s
Five colonies are located south of the Mason-Dixon Line
They include: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

30. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies
The five colonies shared a coastal area called the Tidewater, a flat lowland that includes many swampy areas and on the west it blends into rolling hills called piedmont
Climate is warm and humid
Growing seasons are long for crops like tobacco and rice
Slavery was common in the southern colonies

31. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies
Virginia grew quickly and by 1670 had 40,000 settlers
The death rate was high because of disease
Conflict over land with the Natives reduced their population to 2,000 in Virginia by 1675

32. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies
Bacon’s Rebellion took place in 1675 over a land dispute
In 1675 he organized a strike against Natives and then burned Jamestown
The Rebellion died when Bacon got sick and passed

33. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies
George Calvert established Maryland in 1632 with a charter
This colony was established for Catholics
Lord Baltimore established the Act of Toleration in 1649 which allowed religious freedom in Maryland

34. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies
1663 Carolina was granted a charter
The northern part developed slowly because of the lack of harbors and rivers
The southern part grew quickly because sugar grew well
Charles Town developed into the biggest city and became today’s Charlestown

35. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies
Georgia was the last of England’s 13 colonies
It was founded because Spain wanted to expand
It also was founded because James Oglethorpe wanted a place where debtors would be protected
Slavery was banned at first in Georgia, but later allowed

36. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies
Plantations dominated the Tidewater Region
Rice, cotton, sugar and Tobacco were all planted and grown
The Plantation community divided people into the wealthy and poor

37. 3.4 – The Southern Colonies
The Backcountry was cut off from the coast from poor roads and long distances.
Most people didn’t legally own the land they farmed
Life was much different compared to the coastal life

38. The 13 Colonies
New England Colonies / Middle Colonies / Southern Colonies