1. The Worlds of North & South (mid-1800s)
Chapter 19 tci

2. GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE NORTH SOUTH
• Warm, humid summers and cold snowy winters • Short growing season plus cold made farming difficult. • Clear, fast rivers • Coastline full of bays. • Cities develop near rivers and bays. • Cities develop as trading centers. • People begin to use waterpower to run factories
• Warm and sunny
long summers, mild winters.
Increased amounts of rain. • Climate ideal for agriculture. • Fertile soil ideal for growing crops.

3. GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE
NORTH
SOUTH

4. ECONOMY
NORTH
SOUTH
The economy of the North was based on manufacturing. • Many immigrants from Europe began working in factories and producing goods used by people in the North. • Many factories began producing textiles (cloth) with the cotton grown in the South.
The economy of the South was based on agriculture. • Cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane, and indigo (a plant that was used for blue dye) were sold as cash crops.  • Cotton became the most important crop after Ely Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin. • More slaves were now needed to pick the cotton. • Slavery became essential to the South’s economy.

5. ECONOMY NORTH - industrialism (factories)
SOUTH – agrarian (agriculture)

6. ECONOMY

7. TRANSPORTATION NORTH SOUTH
• Canals were mostly in the North. • The Erie Canal was a huge success. • Most of the railroads were in the North. • 30,000 miles of track was laid by • Canals and railroads allowed northern businesses to grow.
• dependent on the steamship. • Railroads existed, but far less than in the North.

8. TRANSPORTATION
North - Railroad
South - Steamboat

9. SOCIETY
SOUTH
NORTH
• The culture of the South was determined by the upper class plantation owners and their families.
Wealth = amount of slaves you owned
Dominated by small group of wealthy plantation owners • Only children of plantation owners received any education.
Girls = trained to be wives & hostesses
Small farmers
had little or no education
Worked own farms
African Americans
Large portion = slaves (no rights, education)
Small portion = free; badges, taxes; lived in cities as servants, craftsman, skilled laborers
The culture of the North was determined by life in the cities. • religion & education = organized.  • schools and churches in most towns • Very few boys, and almost no girls went on to secondary school until ed. Reform pushed • College = reserved for wealthy
*Large immigrant population from Ireland & Germany
Increase in urban living (increase in unsanitary conditions too!)

10. SOCIETY
NORTH
SOUTH

11. READING FURTHER: The Mill Girls of Lowell
Describe life in Lowell in the mid-1800s:
Describe the factories in Lowell:

12. READING FURTHER: The Mill Girls of Lowell