1. MAGLEV TRAIN Guideway To The New Journey Network Analysis Presentation
Submitted by-
Harshit Goel
Ishu Tiwari
Sukalp Gupta
Sharad Srivastava
Network Analysis Presentation

2. What is Maglev/Magnetic levitation?
The term "maglev" refers not only to the vehicles, but to the railway system
as well, specifically designed for magnetic levitation and propulsion.
Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by
which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields.
Magnetic pressure is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational
and any other accelerations.
Using only ferromagnetic or paramagnetic materials it is impossible to
stably levitate against gravity; however, servomechanisms, the use of 
diamagnetic materials, superconduction, or systems involving eddy
currents allow to achieve that.

3. Maglev Trains
A Maglev Train is a train that travels with out touching the 'tracks'.
It floats above the surface with magnetic levitation. The first an only high speed commercial magnetic levitation train in operation right now is the Shanghai Maglev Train in China. It is very cool, but it costs so much to build and run it is not really viable technology right now.

4. Basic Principle of maglev Trains
Maglev trains have to perform following functions to operate in
high speeds
Levitation
Propulsion
Lateral Guidance

5. Technology
There are two particularly notable types of maglev technology:
Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) uses superconducting electromagnets
or strong permanent magnets which create a magnetic field that
induces currents in nearby metallic conductors when there is relative
movement which pushes and pulls the train towards the designed
levitation position on the guide way.
For electromagnetic suspension (EMS), electronically controlled
electromagnets in the train attract it to a magnetically conductive
(usually steel) track.

6. Electrodynamic Suspension
Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a form of magnetic levitation in
which there are superconductors which are exposed to time-varying
Magnetic fields. This induces eddy currents in the conductors that creates
a repulsive magnetic field which holds the two objects apart. EDS is used
for maglev trains, such as the Japanese SC Maglev.

7. Levitation
The passing of the superconducting magnets on train by the levitation
coils on both sides of the track induces a current in the coils and creates
a magnetic field. This pushes the train upward so that it can levitate
10 cm above the track.
The train does not levitate until it reaches 50 mph, so it is equipped with
retractable wheels.

8. Propulsion
The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides of the
guideway are energized by a three-phase alternating current from a
substation, creating a shifting magnetic field on the guideway.
The on-board superconducting magnets are attracted and pushed by the
shifting field, propelling the Maglev vehicle.
Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the reverse
direction so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive forces.

9. Lateral Guidance
When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway, the super conducting magnet on the train induces a repulsive force from the levitation coils on the side closer to the train and an attractive force from the coils on the farther side. This keeps the train in the center.

10. Electromagnetic Suspension
Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) is the magnetic levitation of an object achieved by constantly altering the strength of a magnetic field produced by Electromagnets using a feedback loop. In most cases the levitation effect is mostly due to permanent magnets as they don't have any power dissipation, with electromagnets only used to stabilize the effect.

11. Levitation
In the EMS-attractive system, the electromagnets do the work of levitation and
are attached on the top side of a casing that extends below and then
curves back up to the rail that is in the center of the track.

12. The rail, which is in the shape of an inverted T, is a ferromagnetic rail.
When a current is passed through it, and the electromagnet switched on,
there is attraction, and the levitation electromagnets, which are below the
rail, raise up to meet the rail. The car levitates.

13. Propulsion
A linear electric motor (LEM) is a mechanism which converts electrical
energy directly into linear motion without employing any intervening
rotary components
Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is basically a rotating squirrel cage induction
motor opened out flat
Instead of producing rotary torque from a cylindrical machine it produces
linear force from a flat one.
LIM thrusts vary from just a few to thousands of Newtons , depending mainly
on the size and rating
Speeds vary from zero to many meters per second and are determined by
design and supply frequency

14. A conventional rotary synchronous motor , is made up of two rings of
alternating north and south magnetic poles.
The outer ring (the stator) is stationary, while the inner one (the rotor) is free
to rotate about a shaft.
The polarity of the magnets on one (either) of these rings is fixed; this element
is known as the field.
The magnets of the other ring, the armature, change their polarity in response
to an applied alternating current.

15. Attractive forces between unlike magnetic poles pull each element of the
rotor toward the corresponding element of the stator.
Just as the two poles are coming into alignment, the polarity of the armature
magnets is reversed, resulting in a repulsive force that keeps the motor
turning in the same direction.
The armature poles are then reversed again, and the motor turns at a
constant speed in synchronism with the alternating current which causes
the change in polarity

16. Lateral Guidance
The levitation magnets and rail are both U shaped(with rail being
an inverted U).
The mouths of U face one another.
This configuration ensures that when ever a levitational force is exerted,
a lateral guidance force occurs as well.
If the electromagnet starts to shift laterally from the center of the rail,
the lateral guidance force is exerted in proportion to the extent of the shift,
bringing the electromagnet back into alignment.

17. Advantages of Magnetic Levitated Transportation System
Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at the same
speed (1/3 more power for the same amount of energy).
The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that of
conventional long-distance railroads.
Research has shown that the maglev is about 20 times safer than airplanes,
250 times safer than conventional railroads, and 700 times safer than
automobile travel.
Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard
The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-combustible,
poor penetration transmitters of heat, and able to withstand fire.

18. Conclusion
The MagLev Train: Research on this ‘dream train' has been going on for the
last 30 odd years in various parts of the world.
The chief advantages of this type of train are:
Non-contact and non-wearing propulsion, independent of friction, no
mechanical components like wheel, axle.
Maintenance costs decrease
The MagLev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the current rail system.
A country like India could benefit very much if this were implemented here.
Further possible applications need to be explored

19. Thank You