1. Introductory Notes

2. Earth Science – a blending of many different sciences, including geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy

3. Geology – the study of the materials that make up Earth - the study of Rocks

4. Meteorology – the study of the air that surrounds our planet

5. Oceanography – the study of Earth’s oceans

6. Astronomy – the study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere - the study of Space

7. Earth’s Systems

8. Lithosphere – rigid outer shell of the planet, including the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle

9. Hydrosphere – all of Earth’s water, 97% exists as salt water

10. Most freshwater is contained in glaciers, very little fresh water exists as liquid on the Earth’s surface

11. Atmosphere – blanket of gases that surround our planet
Atmosphere – blanket of gases that surround our planet 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% - H2O(v), argon, CO2, and other gases

12. Biosphere – all organisms on Earth and the environments they live in, most organisms live within a few meters of the earths surface

13. Scientific Investigations

14. Scientific Method – organized approach to solving a problem

15. Scientific Method – Observation Question Hypothesis Prediction Experiment / Test Analysis Conclusion

16. Measurements – scientific experiments involve making measurements
Measurements – scientific experiments involve making measurements. The System International of Units or SI for short is the standard system of units used

17. Length – Meter (m) Volume – Liter (l) Weight – Gram (g) Temp – Degrees Celsius (oC)

18. Common Prefixes kilo = 1000 or 103 centi = 1/100 or 10-2 milli = 1/1000 or 10-3

19. Scientific Notation – a form of shorthand to express very large and very small numbers

20. Number will be expressed as a value 0 thru 10 multiplied by a power of 10.

21. Number less than 1 get a negative power 3. 0 x 10-3 = 0
Number less than 1 get a negative power x 10-3 = Numbers greater than 1 get a positive power x 103 = 3000

22. Example 1 90,000,000,000m

23. Answer x 1010m

24. Example 2 5,974,200,000,000, 000,000,000kg

25. Answer x 1021kg

26. Example ,000,000,021g

27. Answer x 10-11g