1. Native Americans
Chapter 2 Lesson 3

2. Struggles Nomads Relocate Wars
People who move from place to place in search of food
Relocate
Wars

3. Dakota Sioux uprising - 1862
Sioux agreed to live on reservations
Annuities
Money paid by contract at regular intervals
Usually never got to the people
Local traders refused to provide food on credit
Hundreds were killed
300 Dakota were sentenced to death
Lincoln reduced it to 38
Federal troops came in – some fled and became exiles

4. Red Cloud’s War Lakota Indians
Red Cloud, Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull
Dec U.S. Army building forts along the Bozeman Trail
Captain William Fetterman and 80 men
Fetterman’s Massacre
1868 army abandoned the trail
Crazy Horse

5. Sand creek massacre - 1864 Colorado – miners entering
Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes
Raided wagons and ranches (dozen homes burned, 200 killed)
Chief Black Kettle
Several hundred Cheyenne to negotiate
Major Scott Anthony allowed them to camp at Sand Creek
What actually happened at Sand Creek is unclear. Some witnesses stated that Black Kettle had been flying both an American flag and a white flag of truce, which Chivington ignored. Others reported that the American troops fired on the unsuspecting Native Americans and then brutally murdered hundreds of women and children. Still others described a savage battle in which both sides fought ferociously for two days. Few soldiers died, but the number of Native Americans reported killed varied from 69 to 600. The truth of what happened at Sand Creek is still debated.

6. Doomed Plans Indian peace Commission
2 large reservation on the Plains
Sioux and Native American on the S. Plains
Could not inforce or stop settlers from violating the terms
Poverty, despair, corrupt practices of American traders

7. Last Native American Wars
1870 – Many Native Americans left reservations
Professional Buffalo Hunters
Money from hides
Others for sport
Trains killed any buffalo who get in the way
Army encouraged buffalo killings
1889 few buffalo remain

8. Battle of Little Bighorn
1876 Prospectors overran the Lakota Sioux in the Dakota Territory
Many left reservations to hunt
Lt. Colonel George A. Custer and Seventh Calvary
Launched attack on the largest group of warrior ever assembled on the Great Plains
Every man was killed
Sitting Bull was forced to Canada

9. Wounded Knee Lakota Sioux reservation Ghost Dance
Settlers disappear, buffalo return, reunite with dead ancestors
Sitting Bull had returned
Police went to arrest, fight broke out, Bull died
25 US soldiers and approx. 200 Lakota men, women and children died

10. Americanization and the Dawes Act
Assimilate
Learn English, adopt American culture and values and become a US citizen
Indian boarding schools
Speak English
Chose English names
American style clothing
Cut hair
Attend church
Learn vocational kills

11. Americanization and the Dawes Act
Divide land into allotments
160 acres to each head of household
80 acres to single adult
40 acres to each child
Leftovers sold to settlers and money put into trust for Native Americans
Citizenship granted if you stayed on land for 25 years

12. In the End 1924 Citizenship Act Indian Reorganization Act
Granted all Native American’s citizenship
Indian Reorganization Act
Reversed Dawes Act
Restored some reservation lands
Gave Native Americans control over those land
Permitted them to elect their own governments