1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit
- Aristotle

2. DEFINITION,SCOPE & IMPORTANCE
“Environment” includes water, air and land and the inter-relationship which exists among and between water, air and land and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property.
“Environmental pollutant” means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration and may be, or tend to be, injurious to environment.

3. DEFINITION,SCOPE & IMPORTANCE(Cond…..)
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING is a branch of engineering that is concerned with protecting the environment from the potentially deleterious effects of human activity, protecting human populations from the effects of adverse environmental actors and improving environmental quality for human health and well being
Components - biology, geology, chemistry, physics, engineering, sociology, health, anthropology, economics, statistics, computers and philosophy

4. Scope: 
Conservation of natural resources
ecological aspects
pollution of the surrounding natural resources
controlling the pollution
social issues connected to it
impacts of human population on the environment

5. IMPROTANCE:
Environment Issues are being of Global
Development and Environment
Explosive Increase in Pollution
Need for an Alternative Solution
Need for Wise Planning of Development

6. Brainstorm
With your partner/group, brainstorm at least 10 ways in which destruction to the environment and depletion of resources can affect our overall well being as a population

7. We Face Many Types of Hazards
Five major types of hazards
Biological: pathogens
Chemical
Physical
Cultural
Lifestyle choices

8. Chemical Hazards
There is growing concern about chemicals that can cause birth defects and cancers and disrupt the human immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.
Toxic chemicals
Carcinogens
Mutagens
Teratogens

9. Potential Pathways on Which Toxic Chemicals Move Through the Environment

11. Some natural and synthetic chemicals in the environment can weaken and harm
Immune system
Nervous system
Endocrine system

12. Many Factors Determine the Harmful Health Effects of a Chemical (1)
Toxicology
Toxicity dependent on
Dose
Age
Genetic makeup
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)
Solubility and persistence of the chemical
Biomagnification

13. Many Factors Determine the Harmful Health Effects of a Chemical (2)
Response
Acute effect
Chronic effect

14. Science: Estimating Human Exposure to Chemicals and Measuring Their Effects

15. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
In terms of death rates, the most serious infectious diseases are flu, AIDS, diarrheal diseases, malaria, and tuberculosis; most of these deaths occur in developing countries.

16. Infectious Diseases Are Still Major Health Threats
Infectious diseases spread through
Air
Water
Food
Body fluids
Epidemics and pandemics
Resistance of bacteria and insects

17. Some Viral Diseases Kill Large Numbers of People (1)
Influenza or flu virus
#1 Killer
Transmission
HIV
#2 Killer
Antiviral drugs

18. Some Viral Diseases Kill Large Numbers of People (2)
Global strategy to slow down the spread of HIV
Reduce the number of new infections
Concentrate on those most likely to spread HIV
Free testing
Education for prevention
Provide free or low-cost drugs
Research

19. Science Focus: Genetic Resistance to Antibiotics Is Increasing (1)
Bacteria: rapid reproduction, easily spread
Over use of antibiotics
Over use of pesticides

20. Science Focus: Genetic Resistance to Antibiotics Is Increasing (2)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Resistant to most antibiotics
Symptoms of MRSA
How will it be controlled?

21. Solutions: Infectious Diseases, Ways to Prevent or Reduce Their Occurrence

22. SOLUTIONS Infectious Diseases
Increase research on tropical diseases and vaccines
Reduce poverty
Decrease malnutrition
Improve drinking water quality
Reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics
Educate people to take all of an antibiotic prescription
Reduce antibiotic use to promote livestock growth
Figure 17.10
Solutions: ways to prevent or reduce the incidence of infectious diseases, especially in developing countries. Question: Which three of these approaches do you think are the most important?
Require careful hand washing by all medical personnel
Immunize children against major viral diseases
Provide oral rehydration for diarrhea victims
Conduct global campaign to reduce HIV/AIDS
Fig , p. 447

23. Thank you