1. Evidence Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2017
Model Credit: Tyler Keillor, photograph by Ximena Erickson, from
Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2017

2. Learning objectives
Think like a macroevolutionary biologist/paleontologist and reconstruct a community
Learn how biologists gather evidence for macroevolutionary processes

3. Break into groups of two. What do your “fossils” tell you
Break into groups of two. What do your “fossils” tell you? What species live there [and not just the plants]? What’s the climate like? What else can you glean from them? (wash hands after class)

4. Molecular fossil
Trace fossil
Body fossil
Phylogenetics
Extant organisms
Experiments

5. Derenne et al. Molecular evidence for life in the 3
Derenne et al. Molecular evidence for life in the 3.5 billion year old Warrawoona chert. Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2008) vol. 272 (1-2) pp

6. Kuypers et al. Massive expansion of marine archaea during a mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event. Science (2001)

7. Hannes Grobe

8. Worm burrow Trilobite burrow
JENSEN. Predation by early Cambrian trilobites on infaunal worms-evidence from the Swedish Mickwitzia Sandstone. Lethaia (1990)

9. © (c) CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. : http://www. canada

10. Currano et al. Sharply increased insect herbivory during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. PNAS (2008)

11. North Dakota Geological Survey
Prasad et al. Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazers. Science (2005) vol. 310 (5751) pp. 1177

12. http://abugblog. blogspot. com/2010/05/ants-helping-plants-extrafloral
Pemberton. Fossil extrafloral nectaries, evidence for the ant-guard antiherbivore defense in an Oligocene Populus. American Journal of Botany (1992)

13. Butterfield. Leanchoilia guts and the interpretation of three-dimensional structures in Burgess Shale-type fossils. Paleobiology (2002)

14. Mention oviraptor: described by osborn with this name because its skull was 4” from nest of eggs and it was thought to be stealing them. But was probably its own eggs.
Model Credit: Tyler Keillor, photograph by Ximena Erickson, from
Wilson et al. Predation upon Hatchling Dinosaurs by a New Snake from the Late Cretaceous of India. PLoS Biol (2010) vol. 8 (3) pp. e EP -

15. Barrett and Rayfield. Ecological and evolutionary implications of dinosaur feeding behaviour. Trends Ecol Evol (2006) vol. 21 (4) pp

16. H5N1 bird flu: phylogeography & evolution
Wallace et al, 2007

17. Ryan & Rand, 1995 ©David Cannatella
Ryan & Rand, 1995
©David Cannatella

19. Ryan & Rand, 1995 ©David Cannatella
Ryan & Rand, 1995
©David Cannatella

20. ~net
~turnover
speciation
extinction
Weir & Schluter, 2007

21. Stickleback species pair from Paxton Lake, British Columbia.
Gravid benthic top, gravid limnetic bottom. 
Photo by Todd Hatfield, taken from

22. ©Alex Wild, Myrmecos.net
Wade. Group selections among laboratory populations of Tribolium. P Natl Acad Sci Usa (1976) vol. 73 (12) pp. 4604

23. Molecular fossil
Trace fossil
Body fossil
Phylogenetics
Extant organisms
Experiments
Think of macroevolutionary questions. Which source(s) of evidence would you use to address these?