1. World War I
Beginning to End

2. The Great War
After studying World War I, you should be able to explain the following:
What role do forces like Nationalism and Imperialism play in the events that lead to the start of the war?
How does war change during this period? What affect does this have one people? (Technology, outlook on life, changing roles in society, life after war)

3. The Great War
What was accomplished, if anything, after 4 years of fighting? What changes? (political changes, societal changes)
How does the peace conference fail or succeed in comparison to the Congress of Vienna?

4. MAIN Causes of the Great War Militarism Imperialism Alliance System
Nationalism
Causes of the Great War

5. Causes of the War - Militarism
Nations adopt a militaristic stance to protect and acquire colonies
Glorification of strength and arms
Led to rise of large, sophisticated armies and navies

6. Britain’s Two Power rule
Britain felt as though its navy had to be as big as the next two biggest navies in the world.
Germany initiated an arms race with Britain when it increased size of its navy.
Dreadnought introduced by Britain

7. Dreadnought

8. Causes of the War – Alliance Systems
European powers did not want to be left to fight alone with no diplomatic or strategic allies
Web of interlocking treaties formed
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente

9. Causes of the War - Imperialism
To maintain strong economies, Nations competed for colonies.
Race for overseas colonies and economic dominance pitted nations against each other, increasing tensions

10. Causes of the War - Nationalism
Nationalism in the Balkans
Powder keg of Europe
The Black Hand

11. Nationalism
In 1914 – Western European nation-states were most technologically advanced, wealthiest nations on earth.
Created feelings of superiority in Europe, considered their industrialized way of life to be the peak of world civilization

12. Nationalism
Combined with Militarism and imperialism, strongly affecting attitudes
People displayed maps of colonies in their homes
Popular songs, poems and plays had nationalistic themes that cast rival European powers as antagonists

14. WAR BREAK OUT
The Black Hand

15. Archduke Francis Ferdinand
WAR BREAKS OUT
Austria-Hungary
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Assassination
Ultimatum
Serbian Nationalism
Alliance System

16. Who’s involved – Great Powers

17. Alliances Triple Entente Triple Alliance Britain France Russia
Immediately joined by Belgium
Later joined by Italy
USA
Triple Alliance
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire

18. Western Front
Germany, France, Britain and Belgium fought along the Western Front
Germans were trying to eliminate France to prevent a two-front war.
Germany made several tactical errors, allowing the French to regroup

19. Battle on the Western Front
LONG, BLOODY BATTLES
Battle of Verdun – lasts 6 months and creates 680,000 casualties

20. The Eastern Front
Russian sent armies against Germans, experiencing early victories
Russia’s lack of modern technology
¼ of Russian troops went into battle without weapons

21. New Weapons Machine gun Artillery
First time gas is used in battle – Chlorine and Mustard – 75 different types of gas
Flamethrowers
Tanks
Airplanes – increased role in later stages of war
Zeppelins

23. Schlieffen Plan

24. Reality of Soldier’s Lives
Intense feelings of patriotism and nationalism led festive conditions sending troops to war
Horrors of war lead to change in attitude
Horrors repressed in news at Home Front
No crowds or heroes’ welcome after the war

26. Trench Warfare 475 miles of trenches
British troops used over 10 million shovels during the war
Charging over the top, crossing no man’s land to reach enemy trenches
Boring, terrifying, and caused shell-shcok
Horrible living conditions

30. Home Front
Total War – demanded huge sacrifices on the part of civilians
Many foods, rubber (tires), fuel and metal were rationed
Victory gardens

31. New Jobs for Women
Women’s employment shifted from service sector to the civil and industrial sectors
Work with munitions and chemicals
Also act as train conductors, bank tellers, fire fighters and construction workers
Acted as nurses at home and at the front
Wages were lower though they demanded equal pay

32. Women’s changing role
After the war, women were forced out of their jobs to make room for the returning men
Women began to wear pants
Women refused to work for same wages, they did men’s work…they deserve men’s pay

33. Tragedies of the War: The Home Front
Incredibly high death rate
Amputations, burns and shell shock horrify public
Pop culture reflects change – poems of despair, changes in song lyrics

34. Paris Peace Conference
Peace of Justice
Big Four
PM David Lloyd George
President Georges Clemenceau
President Vittorio Orlando
President Woodrow Wilson
Fourteen Points

35. Paris Peace Conference
Peace of Vengeance
Italy and Britain wanted territory
France wanted to punish Germany
Italy and US left, leaving peace settlement to France and Britain

36. Treaty of Versailles with Germany
France and Britain created a severe treaty that punished Germay
Germany had to:
Return Alsace-Lorrain region to France
Keep area near France, called Rhineland, demilitarized
Pay war reparations of 32 billion dollars
Agree to war guilt clause

37. The New Europe
Treaties similar to Germany’s signed with other Central Powers
Many countries experienced a change in their borders
Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia lost territory
Many new countries were created

38. Propaganda

39. Propaganda

45. Top Ten Things You Should Know About WWI
MAIN causes of World War I
“Powder Keg of Europe” - The Balkans
Schlieffen Plan
Eastern/Western Fronts
Trench Warfare and New Technology
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (U-boats)

46. Top Ten Things You Should Know About WWI
Total War and Role of Women during the War
Russia’s withdrawal
Peace proceedings (Peace of Justice vs. Peace of Vengence, Big Four, Effect on Europe)
Legacy of Great War