1. Empirical advances in studying relational networks
Shane McLoughlin
University of Chichester
Ian Stewart
National University of Ireland, Galway

2. Introduction Experiment 1 Experiment 2
Establishing SAME, DIFFERENT, and OPPOSITE responding between derived relations.
Experiment 2
Deriving contextual cue functions in non-coordinate relational networks.
How presentation will benefit audience: Adult learners are more interested in a subject if they know how or why it is important to them.
Presenter’s level of expertise in the subject: Briefly state your credentials in this area, or explain why participants should listen to you.

3. Experiment 1
4 adult participants (M = 23.5, SD = 2.65) with no previously diagnosed specific learning difficulties
Participants were not required to complete the experiment in one sitting
If they did not complete the experiment in one sitting, they were re-exposed to all previous stages to make sure existing repertoires were still intact
The experiment was delivered on a touch-screen laptop using software programmed in MS Visual Basic
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

4. Stimuli 5 arbitrary shapes in black and white as contextual cues
Several hundred coloured shape stimuli
10 coloured pictures
Several hundred 3 letter nonsense syllables
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.

5. Procedure Sessions lasted between 1.5 and 2 hours each
Training involved providing corrective feedback (“CORRECT” or “WRONG” displayed for 1.5 seconds)
No feedback during test blocks.
3 phases:
Phase 1:
Stages 1-6
Non-arbitrary relational training and testing
Phase 2:
Stages 7-9
Non-arbitrary relating relational networks training and testing
Phase 3:
Stage 10
Arbitrary relating relational networks testing

6. Phase 1: Stages 1-4 Delayed matching to sample
Required to answer 16 trials correctly in a row to pass training, or a block of 16 trials with no errors to pass testing
Stage 1: Matching – always the “SAME” cue
Stage 2: Both the “SAME” and “DIFFERENT” cues appeared
Stage 3: SAME/DIFFERENT with pictures
Stage 4: “SAME” and “OPPOSITE” based on shading

7. Phase 1: Stages 5-6
Stage 5: YES/NO training Relational Evaluation Procedure (REP)
Stage 6: “SAME”, “DIFFERENT”, and “OPPOSITE” REP

8. Phase 2: Stage 7
Stage 7: SAME/DIFFERENT relating of non-arbitrary relations of same and different REP
Stage 7r: Extra stimulus control

9. Phase 2: Stages 8-9
Stage 8: SAME/DIFFERENT relating of non-arbitrary relations of same, different, and opposite REP
Stage 8r: Extra stimulus control
Stage 9: SAME/DIFFERENT/OPPOSITE relating of non-arbitrary relations of same, different, and opposite REP
Stage 9r: Extra stimulus control

10. Phase 3
Stage 10: SAME/DIFFERENT/OPPOSITE relating of arbitrary derived relations of same, different, and opposite REP

12. Experiment 2
3 adult participants who successfully completed the critical test from Experiment 1
Participants were not required to complete the experiment in one sitting
If they did not complete the experiment in one sitting, they were re-exposed to all previous stages to make sure existing repertoires were still intact
The experiment was delivered on a touch-screen laptop using software programmed in MS Visual Basic
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

13. Stimuli 10 new arbitrary pictures to be established as contextual cues
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.

14. Procedure All 3 participants were trained and tested in one session.
P1 (4 hours)
P2 (2 hours)
P4 (2.5 hours)
3 Phases
Phase 0 to ensure that the repertoire from Exp 1 was still in place
Phase 1 (Stages 1-5) focused on establishing contextual cues through TOF via SAME and OPPOSITE cues
Phase 2 (Stages 6-8) focused on establishing contextual cues in the context of relating relational networks

15. Phase 0
(i) Testing SAME/DIFFERENT/OPPOSITE relating of arbitrary derived relations of same, different, and opposite (Stage 10 of Experiment 1)
(ii) Testing SAME/DIFFERENT/OPPOSITE relating of non-arbitrary derived relations of same, different, and opposite (Stage 9b of Experiment 1)
(iii) Training SAME/DIFFERENT/OPPOSITE relating of non-arbitrary derived relations of same, different, and opposite (Stage 9a of Experiment 1)

16. Phase 1: Stage 1-3
Testing SAME_1, SAME_2, SAME_3, OPPOSITE_1, OPPOSITE_2, and OPPOSITE_3 (60 trials, 10 iterations each; non-arbitrary REP)
SAME_1 training and testing REP
OPPOSITE_1 training and testing REP

17. Phase 1: Stage 4
Testing for arbitrary mutual entailment using nonsense syllables REP
Testing for arbitrary combinatorial entailment using nonsense syllables REP

18. Phase 1: Stage 5-6 Establishing SAME_2 and SAME_3
Establishing OPPOSITE_2 and OPPOSITE_3
Re-exposure to Stage 1 non- arbitrary test

19. Phase 2: Stage 7-8
Exposure to modified Stage 1 (SAME_4, SAME_5, OPPOSITE_4, and OPPOSITE_5 added; 50 trial test, 5 iterations each)
Stage 7: Establishing SAME_4 and SAME_5
Stage 8: Establishing OPPOSITE_4 and OPPOSITE_5
Re-exposure to modified Stage 1

21. Novel Effects
General
Further demonstration of the utility of the REP for multiple exemplar training and precision teaching
Demonstration of non-coordinate relating of relational networks
Experiment 1
Establishing SAME, DIFFERENT, and OPPOSITE responding between arbitrary derived relations.
Establishing differentiation of DIFFERENT and OPPOSITE as inter-relational responses
Experiment 2
Deriving contextual cue functions via coordinate and non-coordinate relational networks.
Deriving contextual cue functions via coordinate and non-coordinate relations between relational networks

22. Relation 1 Inter-relation Relation 2 SAME
Appendix 1: Trial types from Experiment 1, Stage 10.
Relation 1
Inter-relation
Relation 2
Correct answer
SAME
YES
DIFFERENT NO
OPPOSITE

23. Stage Relation 1 Inter-relation Relation 2 Correct answer 7 8
Appendix 2: Trial types for establishing cue functions in Experiment 2, Stages 7 and 8.
Stage
Relation 1
Inter-relation
Relation 2
Correct answer 7
SAME/SAME
SAME
SAME/novelSAME1
YES
OPPOSITE
OPPOSITE/novelSAME2
SAME/OPPOSITE
SAME/novelSAME2
OPPOSITE/novelSAME1 NO 8
SAME/novelOPPOSITE1
OPPOSITE/novelOPPOSITE2
SAME/novelOPPOSITE2
OPPOSITE/novelOPPOSITE1

24. Empirical advances in studying relational networks
Shane McLoughlin
University of Chichester
Ian Stewart
National University of Ireland, Galway