1. Ch8.4 P-Values
The P-value is the smallest level of significance at which H0 would be rejected when a specified test procedure is used on a given data set.
The P-value is the probability, calculated assuming H0 is true, of obtaining a test statistic value at least as contradictory to H0 as the value that actually resulted. The smaller the P-value, the more contradictory is the data to H0.
Ch8.4

2. P-Values for a z Test P-value: upper-tailed test lower-tailed test
The P-value for a t test will be a t curve area. The number of df for the one-sample t test is n – 1.
upper-tailed test
lower-tailed test
two-tailed test
Ch8.4

3. P-Value (area)
Upper-Tailed z
Lower-Tailed -z
Two-Tailed -z z
Ch8.4