1. Bell Work Complete Bell Work Sheet
Turn in any back work (Plant Pigment Labs)
Work on Vocab Book

2. Inside the Mitochondria
Cellular Respiration
Inside the Mitochondria

3. 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
There are three parts to cellular respiration:
Glycolysis – takes place in the cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle – takes place in the mitochondria
Electron Transport Chain – takes place in the mitochondria
6O2 + C6H12O CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Oxygen Glucose Carbon Dioxide Water Energy

4. High Energy Molecules
NADH – this is a molecule that carries high energy electrons (NAD+ NADH) it acts just like NADPH acted in photosynthesis
FADH2 – this is another molecule that can carry high energy electrons (FAD+ FADH2)
ATP – one of the main chemical compound that living things use to store energy. Created by adding an extra phosphate molecule to ADP. This is the same molecule created in the light dependent reactions during photosynthesis

5. Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration where one molecule glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid
Glycolysis uses two ATP molecules to get started, but produces four.
Glycolysis can occur with no oxygen present.
It also removes electrons from the glucose. These electrons bond to NAD+ making it NADH.

6. Krebs Cycle Only occurs when oxygen is present
The pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria and there is broken down into carbon dioxide through a series of steps that release energy from the carbon bonds

7. Kreb’s Cycle: Step 1
A carbon atom from the pyruvic acid molecule made during glycolysis is removed.
That carbon combines with two oxygen molecules to make a carbon dioxide molecule
The two carbon atom left over combines with coenzyme A (CoA) making acetyl CoA
This then carries the two carbons to a four carbon group making citric acid

8. Kreb’s Cycle: Step 2
A carbon molecule is pulled off of the citric acid molecule along with an electron
This electron is carried by NAD+ as NADH creating a high energy molecule
The carbon that is pulled of is combined with oxygen to make carbon dioxide

9. Kreb’s Cycle: Step 3
Another carbon molecule is pulled off of the 5-carbon compound and used to create a molecule of carbon dioxide
The electrons removed are carried by two NAD+ making it NADH and one FAD+ making it FADH2
An ATP molecule is also created during this step
The end result is a 4 carbon molecule that can be reused in the Kreb’s Cycle (added to acetyl CoA in step 1)

10. Electron Transport Chain
The electron carrier molecules (FADH2 and NADH) are transferred to the electron transport chain.
This is where the energy from the electrons is used to make more ATP

11. Electron Transport Chain
The high energy molecules FADH2 and NADH meet up with carrier proteins
The carrier proteins embedded in the mitochondrial membrane remove the H+ ions and electrons (e-)
The H+ ions begin to build up in the intermembrane space causing it to be positively charged
The H+ ions pass through channel proteins (ATP synthases) causing it to spin
Each rotation it picks up an ADP molecule and attaches a phosphate creating ATP

12. Electron Transport Chain
Total Energy Gains
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
2 ATP
6 ATP
2 FADH2
6 NADH
4 ATP
18 ATP
2 NADH
36 ATP

13. Cellular Respiration Overview

14. Lactic Acid Fermentation
What do you think happens when there is no oxygen present after glycolysis to make CO2?
Lactic Acid Fermentation

15. Fermentation
The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.
There are two main types of fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation (animals)
Alcohol Fermentation (some microorganisms)

16. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Sometimes when we exercise, we cannot supply the muscles with enough oxygen to complete the Kreb’s Cycle
Glycolysis can still be completed creating 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, 2 ATP and 2 NADH
The energy from the 2 NADH molecules are used to turn the pyruvic acid into lactic acid
This is done so the NADH can be turned back into NAD+ and be recycled to the glycolysis reactions as electron carriers

17. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic acid + NADH Lactic acid + NAD+

18. Alcohol Fermentation
Some microorganisms perform a different type of fermentation that turns the pyruvic acid into alcohol and carbon dioxide
Yeasts are one example of a microorganism that uses alcohol fermentation

19. Consequences of Exercise
You have enough ATP stored in your muscle cells to last long enough to carry you through a 50m sprint
If you continue sprinting lactic acid fermentation can produce enough energy to last one and a half minutes
This is why we have to pace ourselves in long distance runs
When running we break down our stores of glycogen using cellular respiration
This lasts about minutes, then we break down other stored molecules like fats.
This is why cardiovascular exercise helps us loose weight

20. Photosynthesis VS Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Function
Energy Storage
Energy Release
Location
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Reactants
CO2 and H2O
C6H12O6 and O2
Products
Equation
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
C6H12O6 + O CO2 + H2O

21. Cellular Respiration Videos
e=related
re=related