1. Unit 5 Fresh and Saltwater Systems
Topic 2
Earth’s Frozen Water
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2. Ice covers about 10% of earth.
Ice locks up 75% of earths fresh water supply.
Glacier: moving mass of ice and snow. Snow doesn’t melt and piles up on itself, increasing pressure and creating ice.

3. Banff

4. Ice cap: a glacier that forms on level land and flow outward from it’s centre.
Icefield: upland area of ice that feeds two or more glaciers.

5. Glacial Forming:
Snowflakes > snow grains > ice crystals > ice.

6. Valley Glacier: a glacier that forms in a mountain range.
It stays cool enough in mountains that snow does not melt.

7. Continental Glacier: huge mass of ice and snow
Continental Glacier: huge mass of ice and snow. Occur mostly in the N and S Poles in Greenland and Antarctica.
These are so thick that they almost bury mountain ranges.

8. Icefall: glacier flows over a cliff and breaks up.
Shasta Icefall

9. Crevasse: a crack in the ice.

11. Icebergs: large chunks of ice that break loose from continental glaciers.
Calve: when ice breaks loose from a glacier.

12. As glaciers move, or melt and re-freeze, cracks are formed and rocks are moved. This is called erosion.
Striations: parallel scars or scratches formed by rocks and sound which are dragged by the glacier.

13. Cirque: bowl shaped basin. Arete: A ridge. Horn: sharpened peak.

14. The Importance of Glaciers
Gradually release water during summer
Feed river systems of prairies
Helps hydroelectric plants, irrigate crops, water cattle, supply drinking water

15. Major periods of cooling on earth are called Ice Ages.
Glaciers covered as much as 28% of the land.
years ago until only years ago.
120

16. (These are only theories)
Why Do Ice Ages Happen?
Reduction in energy given off by sun.
Volcanoes cause dust in atmosphere.
Mountain formation leads to more snow on peaks which reflects sunlight.
(These are only theories)