1. Volcanoes/ Earthquakes
Test Review
Volcanoes/ Earthquakes

2. Shield Volcano Cinder Cone Volcano Composite Volcano
Shield Volcano
Cinder Cone Volcano
Composite Volcano
Shape/Size
10 km high, 100 km wide
500 m high, 500 m wide,
1,000-4,000 m high, 1,000-4,000 m wide
 DOME SHAPED
STEEP SLOPES
TALL- USUALLY WITH SNOW
Composition
Mafic
Felsic
Rock Type
Basalt
Scoria / Andesite
Andesite, Rhyolite
Eruption Type
Hawaiian
Strombolian
Plinian
Viscosity
Yes "low"
Yes "medium"
Yes "High"
Name of Volcanoes
Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Paricutin
Mount St. Helens, WA
Medicine Lake, CA
Mount Shasta
Mount Lassen, CA
Many around the Ring of fire

3. Explosiveness largely controlled by the amount of gas and viscosity of a magma

4. Ash Cloud
Gases
Tephra
Pyroclastic Flow
Crater
Vent
Flank Eruption
Volcanic Bombs
Lava Flows
Lahar
Sill
Dike
Magma Chamber

5. Active, dormant or extinct?
A volcano is considered active if it is currently erupting, OR shows an increase in earthquakes/ tremors, uplift / gas/ ash emissions
Active/ Quiet
Active = Gasses, Ash, Rumbling, Bulge on side, Snow Melt, Increase in tremors, Change in water temperature in nearby rivers or ponds
Quiet= is an active volcano but is not emitting ash, gas, or lava
Dormant
Has not erupted in a number of years
Extinct
Will no longer erupt

6. Active Volcanoes
Plate Boundaries
Recent Earthquakes

7. How to predict a volcano: 1. increase in earthquakes/ tremors, 2
How to predict a volcano: 1.increase in earthquakes/ tremors, 2.uplift / budging, 3.gas/ ash emissions 4.there is a change in the amount of CO2 in the surrounding air, or 5.nearby bodies of water are warmer than normal.

8. Terms to Know: Vent, Crater, Flank Eruption, Lava Channel, Magma Chamber, Super Volcano, Lava Tube or Channel, Pahoehoe, AA lava, Pillow Lava, Magma, Lava, Pyroclastic Flow, caldera, sill, volcanic bombs, dike, tephra, lahar

9. A caldera forms when there is a violent eruption and the magma chamber is emptied leaving a void The weight of the rock layers collapses into the magma chamber causing a depression which is called a caldera

10. Skylight into Lava Tube
Lava Channel

11. Lava Smooth pahoehoe Rough like scoria
Rounded globs as lava hit the water

12. Newly formed pillow basalt on the ocean floor.

13. Kilauea Caldera and the nearby USGS Hawaii Volcano Observatory

14. Benefits of a volcano? (4) New land Part of the rock cycle Enriched soil Renews mineral resources

15. Fatalities Due to? Toxic Gasses Pyroclastic Flows Lahars(volcanic mudslide) Ash Accumulation Lava Flows/Volcanic Bombs

16. Review Your page of Dangerous Volcanoes, Look over the worksheet about Mt Rainier- Understand how to determine the amount risk

17. Effects of Earthquakes
Effects of Earthquakes? (6-7) Tsunami Landslides buildings collapse/ Pipes Break Fires Liquefaction Land Movement Injury/ Death

18. Fig. 16.2a-c

19. LAG
Time

20. Triangulation: 3 or more recording stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake

21. Terms Lag Time, Seismic Gap, Pancaking, Focus, Epicenter, Scarp, Liquefaction Study the list of dangerous Earthquakes

22. Where would the Japanese earthquake and Indonesia 2004 Quakes fit in?

23. Mercalli Scale Roman Numerals I- XII Based on amount of damage or effects of an earthquake

24. RICHTER SCALE Based on the energy released by a quake Calculated by using the amplitude of the S wave and the distance to the quake

25. The Ring of Fire

26. New Madrid Fault Line

27. Tsunami

29. Terms Lag Time, Seismic Gap, Pancaking, Focus, Epicenter, Scarp

31. Study the types of Faults Identify: hanging wall, Foot Wall
Moves down
Hanging wall
Moves up
Foot wall

32. Review your notes on the strong earthquakes mentioned in class

33. Study how to find the earthquake epicenter using Triangulation