1. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Chapter 4: File Management, Virus Protection, and Backup 1 1 1 1

2. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Chapter 1 Preview
After this chapter, you should be able to:
Define the term computer and identify the components of a personal computer system
Compare the computing capabilities of the computer categories
Describe operating systems
Evaluate the various ways you can connect a computer to the Internet and select an ISP
Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics

3. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Chapter 1 Preview
After this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe how Web servers, browsers, URLs, HTML, and HTTP contribute to the Internet resource known as the Web
Describe Internet communications and basic features
Demonstrate that you can use a search engine to locate information on the Web
Explain how an system works
Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics

4. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Chapter 1 Outline
Section A
Computer Basics
Section B
Internet Basics
Section C
Web Basics
Section D
Basics
Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics

5. Section A: Computer Basics
Chapter 1 Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics
Section A: Computer Basics
Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja

6. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is a computer?
A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software
Accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output
Input refers to whatever is sent to a computer system
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7. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Computer Basics
What is a computer?
Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, and ideas
Processing is the way that a computer manipulates data
A computer processes data in a device called the central processing unit (CPU)
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8. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is a computer?
A computer stores data so that it will be available for processing
Memory is an area of a computer that holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored, or output
Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis
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9. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Computer Basics
What is a computer?
Computer output is the result produced by the computer
An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of processing
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10. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is a computer?
Figure 1-1
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11. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Computer Categories
Before:
Categorized into three main categories:
microcomputers
minicomputers
mainframe computers
Today:
Categorized based on its technology, function, size, performance, and cost
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12. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Computer Categories
Today’s Computer Categories
Personal computers
Handheld computers
Workstations
Videogame Consoles
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Servers
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13. What is a Personal Computer?
Microcomputer designed to meet the computing needs of an individual
Desktop computers
Notebook computers
Cost starts at $500, but most spend $1000 to $1200
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14. What is a tablet computer?
Portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen
Prices range from $1,200 to over $2,000
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15. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is a handheld?
Designed to be used while you are holding it
Also called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
Send and receive
Use maps and global positioning
Maintain expense account, contacts, to-do lists, memos, etc.
Make voice calls using cellular service
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16. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is a handheld?
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17. What types of computers can be classified as workstations?
The term “workstation” has two meanings
Powerful desktop models
Ordinary personal computers
A computer network is two or more computers or other devices that are connected
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18. Is a PlayStation a computer?
Yes, but typically it has not been considered a computer category
Today’s videogame systems contain microprocessors
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19. What’s so special about a mainframe computer?
Large and expensive computer
Capable of passing data simultaneously for hundreds of thousands of users
Used by governments and large corporations
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20. How powerful is a supercomputer?
One of the fastest computers in the world
Breaking codes
Modeling weather systems
Simulating nuclear explosions
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21. What makes a computer a server?
A server serves the computers on a network by supplying them with data
A client requests data from a server
Any computer can be a server or a client
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22. Personal Computer Systems
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23. What’s a personal computer system?
A personal computer system consists of the following:
System unit
Display device
Keyboard
Mouse
Hard disk drive
CD and DVD drives
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24. What’s a personal computer system?
Floppy disk drive
Sound card and speakers
Modem and network cards
Printer
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25. What is a personal computer system?
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26. What is a peripheral device?
Equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality
Printer
Digital camera
Scanner
Joystick
Graphics tablet
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27. Data, Information, and Files
Data - symbols that represent people, events, things and ideas
Information - data that is presented in a format people can understand and use
Computers store data in digital format as a series of 1s and 0s.
Each 1 or 0 is called a bit
Eight bits is called a byte
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28. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is a file?
A named collection of data that exists on a storage medium
A data file contains data such as the text for a document
An executable file contains the programs or instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task
A filename extension indicates a file’s contents
EXE
GIF
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29. What is application software?
A set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task
Create, edit, and print documents
Manage money accounts
Create and edit home movies
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30. What are the most popular operating systems?
Microsoft Windows
Windows XP
Windows Mobile
Palm OS
Mac OS
Linux
Unix
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31. How does an operating system affect compatibility?
Two of the factors that influence compatibility and define a computer’s platform are the microprocessor and the operating system
PCs are based on the design of the IBM PC
Macs are based on a proprietary design for a personal computer called the Macintosh
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32. Section B: Internet Basics
Chapter 1 Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics
Section B: Internet Basics
Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja

33. How does the Internet work?
The Internet is a collection of networks that are linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks
The main routes are referred to as the Internet backbone
Communication between all of the different devices on the Internet is made possible by TCP/IP
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34. What kind of resources are available on the Internet?
Web Sites – various locations in cyberspace that correspond to a corporation, a store, a magazine, and more
Search engines – help catalog a huge portion of the data stored on Web sites
Downloads and uploads
P2P – peer-to-peer
Popular music and file exchange Web sites
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35. What kind of resources are available on the Internet?
– electronic messages
Mailing list server
Bulletin boards – discussion groups
Usenet
Newsgroups
Blogs – refers to a personal journal posted on the Web
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36. What kind of resources are available on the Internet?
Chat groups and instant messaging – interaction between users in real time
Internet telephony – telephone-style conversations to travel over the Internet
E-commerce – online activities such as banking and shopping
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37. What kind of resources are available on the Internet?
Broadcasting – multicasting technology
Remote access and control –link two computers together and allow one to control the other
Telnet
SSH
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38. What are my options for Internet connections?
Existing telephone line
Cable television line
Personal satellite link
Wireless or cell phone service
High-speed telephone services
ISDN, DSL
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39. What are my options for Internet connections?
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40. What’s the easiest, cheapest way to access the Internet?
Dial-up connection – relatively simple and inexpensive
Voiceband modem – converts digital signals into wave format to go over telephone lines and then at destination waves are converted back into digital
Dial-up top speed is 56 Kbps
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41. Does a cable modem provide a faster Internet connection?
Requires 2 pieces of equipment
Network card – connects a personal computer to a local area network
Cable modem –changes computer’s signals into a form that can travel over cable TV links
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42. Does a cable modem provide a faster Internet connection?
Referred to as an always-on connection
Top speed is around 1.5 Mbps (25 times faster than dial-up)
Suitable for most Internet activities, including real-time video and teleconferencing
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43. What about access provided by a school or business network?
Typically schools and business connect to a local area network that is connected to the Internet
These connections are frequently always-on connections
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44. What other high-speed Internet access options are available?
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) – 64Kbps or 128 Kbps
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) – anywhere from twice as fast to approx. 125 times faster than 56 Kbps
Comes from phone company, requires proximity to a switching station
DSS (Digital Satellite Service) – 500 Kbps
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45. Internet Service Providers What’s an ISP?
A company that provides Internet access to businesses, organizations, and individuals
An ISP that offers dial-up connections, for example, maintains a bank of modems
AOL, Earthlink
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46. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
How do I choose an ISP?
Geographical coverage
Type of service
Quality of service
Cost of monthly service
Cost of equipment and installation
Extra services
Customer service
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47. User ID’s and Passwords
A user ID becomes a person’s unique identifier
A password is a different series of characters that verifies your identity
Some computers are case-sensitive; they differentiate between upper and lower case letters
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48. How do I choose a secure password?
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49. Chapter 1 Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Section C: Web Basics
Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja

50. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
The World Wide Web
The Web is a collection of files that can be linked and accessed using HTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - the protocol that allows Web browsers to communicate with Web servers
Many of these files produce documents called Web pages
Web site - location on a computer somewhere on the Internet that stores a collection of Web pages
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51. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is the Web?
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52. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is the Web?
Web server - computer with special software for transmitting Web pages over the Internet
Home page - identifies the site and contains links to other pages at the site
Web sites are composed of a series of Web pages
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53. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is the Web?
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - an Internet address of a document on a computer
Begins with
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54. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is a browser?
Web browsers are software programs that run on your computer and help you access Web pages
Internet Explorer
Netscape
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55. Exactly what does a browser do?
Fetches and displays Web pages
The server sends your computer data that’s stored
The data consists of information that you want to see and HTML tags, codes that tell your browser how to display it
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56. Exactly what does a browser do?
Figure 1-25
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57. Can I copy and save information from a Web page?
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58. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
What is a search engine?
Web site that provides a variety of tools to help you find information
Helps you locate web pages on certain topics
Enter keywords or descriptions
AltaVista, Google, Yahoo, etc.
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59. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Search Engines
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60. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Exactly what is a query?
Describes information you want to find
You can enter more than one keyword
A search operator describes a relationship between keywords
AND, OR, and NOT
Quotation marks
NEAR
Wildcards
Field Searches
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61. How do I use a topic directory?
A topic directory is a list of topics and subtopics
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62. Section D: E-Mail Basics
Chapter 1 Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics
Section D: Basics
Computer Concepts 8th Edition Parsons/Oja

63. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Who can use ?
Any person with an account
An account provides the rights to a storage area or “mailbox”
Each mailbox has a unique address
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64. Exactly what is an e-mail message?
A document that is composed on a computer and remains in digital form so that it can be transmitted to another computer
Every message includes:
A message header
The body of the message
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65. What can I do with basic e-mail?
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66. How does forwarding work?
After you receive a message, you can pass it on to other people
The original message is copied and then you can enter the address of the person to receive the message, and even add a note about why you are passing it along
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67. What’s an e-mail attachment?
File that travels with a message to the recipient
MIME provides a way of disguising the file as plain ASCII text that can travel over the Internet
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68. Is e-mail different than other types of communication?
Netiquette is online jargon for “Internet etiquette
Series of customs or guidelines for maintaining civilized and effective communications on-line
Notify recipients of viruses
Stay alert for viruses
Explain all attachments
Don’t send huge attachments
Don’t send replies to “all recipients”
Use the Bcc function for group mailings
Use smileys cautiously : - )
Be cautious with sarcasm and humor
Be concise
Be polite
Be careful what you send
Check spelling
Use uppercase and lowercase letters
Put a meaningful title on the subject line
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69. What is all this junk in my mailbox?
Spam is unwanted electronic junk mail that arrives in your online mailbox
Globally, spam accounts for about 75% of all messages
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70. E-mail Technology: What is an e-mail system?
The equipment and software that carries and manipulates messages
servers sort, store, and route
Store-and-forward technology – a communications method in which data that cannot be sent directly to its destination will be temporarily stored until transmission is possible
POP
IMAP
Web-based
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71. How do I use Web-based e-mail?
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72. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
How do POP and IMAP work?
Your ISP will offer POP or IMAP
POP server – a computer that stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your hard disk
Using POP requires client software
Outgoing mail is routed by an SMTP server
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73. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
How do POP and SMTP work?
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74. Is POP mail better than Web-based e-mail?
Requires client software
Transfers to your computer
Consider the following when deciding:
Control
Security
Travel
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75. Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics
Conclusion
You should now be able to:
Define the term computer and identify the components of a personal computer system
Compare the computing capabilities of the computer categories
Describe operating systems
Describe Internet communications and basic features
Explain how an system works
Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics